Abstract
We have described the isolation of a replication-defective murine leukemia virus from a culture of AKR lymphoma cells [Rein et al., Nature (London) 282:753-754, 1979]. To facilitate the characterization of this murine leukemia virus, we transmitted it to mink cells and analyzed its genome by restriction mapping of the mink cellular DNA. This genome resembled the Akv genome quite closely, but it had an additional KpnI cleavage site at 1.3 kilobase pairs from the 5' end of the provirus and a small (approximately 50-base-pair) deletion between 1.8 and 3.0 kilobase pairs from the 5' end. When we tested these mink cells by immune precipitation or by competition radioimmunoassay, we found that they synthesized gPr82env, but contained no detectable gag or pol proteins. It seems likely that the KpnI cleavage site at 1.3 kilobase pairs reflects an abnormal sequence at or near the beginning of the gag gene, which prevents gag or pol translation by introducing a frameshift or termination codon into this region.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barbacid M., Stephenson J. R., Aaronson S. A. gag Gene of mammalian type-C RNA tumour viruses. Nature. 1976 Aug 12;262(5569):554–559. doi: 10.1038/262554a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bassin R. H., Tuttle N., Fischinger P. J. Rapid cell culture assay technic for murine leukaemia viruses. Nature. 1971 Feb 19;229(5286):564–566. doi: 10.1038/229564b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Besmer P., Fan H., Paskind M., Baltimore D. Isolation and characterization of a mouse cell line containing a defective Moloney murine leukemia virus genome. J Virol. 1979 Mar;29(3):1023–1034. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.3.1023-1034.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03599.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Huebner R. J. Host-range restrictions of murine leukemia viruses in mouse embryo cell cultures. J Virol. 1970 Feb;5(2):221–225. doi: 10.1128/jvi.5.2.221-225.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huebner R. J., Gilden R. V., Toni R., Hill R. W., Trimmer R. W., Fish D. C., Sass B. Prevention of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice by type-specific immunosuppression of endogenous ecotropic virogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Dec;73(12):4633–4635. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.12.4633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Khan A. S., Stephenson J. R. Feline leukemia virus: biochemical and immunological characterization of gag gene-coded structural proteins. J Virol. 1977 Sep;23(3):599–607. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.3.599-607.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lilly F., Duran-Reynals M. L., Rowe W. P. Correlation of early murine leukemia virus titer and H-2 type with spontaneous leukemia in mice of the BALB/c times AKR cross: a genetic analysis. J Exp Med. 1975 Apr 1;141(4):882–889. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lowy D. R., Rands E., Chattopadhyay S. K., Garon C. F., Hager G. L. Molecular cloning of infectious integrated murine leukemia virus DNA from infected mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan;77(1):614–618. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.614. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maniatis T., Jeffrey A., Kleid D. G. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1184–1188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mayer A., Duran-Reynals M. L., Lilly F. Fv-1 regulation of lymphoma development and of thymic ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV expression in mice of the AKR/J x RF/J cross. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):429–435. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90012-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nowinski R. C., Brown M., Doyle T., Prentice R. L. Genetic and viral factors influencing the development of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice. Virology. 1979 Jul 15;96(1):186–204. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90184-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nowinski R. C., Hays E. F., Doyle T., Linkhart S., Medeiros E., Pickering R. Oncornaviruses produced by murine leukemia cells in culture. Virology. 1977 Sep;81(2):363–370. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90152-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nowinski R. C., Hays E. F. Oncogenicity of AKR endogenous leukemia viruses. J Virol. 1978 Jul;27(1):13–18. doi: 10.1128/jvi.27.1.13-18.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oskarsson M. K., Elder J. H., Gautsch J. W., Lerner R. A., Vande Woude G. F. Chemical determination of the m1 Moloney sarcoma virus pP60gag gene order: evidence for unique peptides in the carboxy terminus of the polyprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4694–4698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rands E., Lowy D. R., Lander M. R., Chattopadhyay S. K. Restriction endonuclease mapping of ecotropic murine leukemia viral DNAs: size and sequence heterogeneity of the long terminal repeat. Virology. 1981 Jan 30;108(2):445–452. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90451-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rein A. L., Gerwin B. I., Bassin R. H., Schwarm L., Schidlovsky G. A replication-defective variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. I. Biological characterization. J Virol. 1978 Jan;25(1):146–156. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.1.146-156.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rein A., Athan E., Benjers B. M., Bassin R. H., Gerwin B. I., Slocum D. R. Isolation of a replication-defective murine leukaemia virus from cultured AKR leukaemia cells. Nature. 1979 Dec 13;282(5740):753–754. doi: 10.1038/282753a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rein A., Bassin R. H. Replication-defective ecotropic murine leukemia viruses: Detection and quantitation of infectivity using helper-dependent XC plaque formation. J Virol. 1978 Nov;28(2):656–660. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.2.656-660.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rein A., Benjers B. M., Gerwin B. I., Bassin R. H., Slocum D. R. Rescue and transmission of a replication-defective variant of moloney murine leukemia virus. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):494–500. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.494-500.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reynolds F. H., Jr, Sacks T. L., Deobagkar D. N., Stephenson J. R. Cells nonproductively transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus express a high molecular weight polyprotein containing structural and nonstructural components. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Aug;75(8):3974–3978. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rowe W. P., Hartley J. W., Lander M. R., Pugh W. E., Teich N. Noninfectious AKR mouse embryo cell lines in which each cell has the capacity to be activated to produce infectious murine leukemia virus. Virology. 1971 Dec;46(3):866–876. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90087-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rowe W. P., Pincus T. Quantitative studies of naturally occurring murine leukemia virus infection of AKR mice. J Exp Med. 1972 Feb 1;135(2):429–436. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.2.429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scolnick E. M., Parks W. P., Livingston D. M. Radioimmunoassay of mammalian type C viral proteins. I. Species specific reactions of murine and feline viruses. J Immunol. 1972 Sep;109(3):570–577. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Troxler D. H., Lowy D., Howk R., Young H., Scolnick E. M. Friend strain of spleen focus-forming virus is a recombinant between ecotropic murine type C virus and the env gene region of xenotropic type C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4671–4675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Versteegen R. J., Oroszlan S. Effect of chemical modification and fragmentation on antigenic determinants of internal protein p30 and surface glycoprotein gp70 of type C retroviruses. J Virol. 1980 Mar;33(3):983–992. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.3.983-992.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Witte O. N., Rosenberg N., Paskind M., Shields A., Baltimore D. Identification of an Abelson murine leukemia virus-encoded protein present in transformed fibroblast and lymphoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2488–2492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.5.2488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zarling D. A., Keshet I. Fusion activity of virions of murine leukemia virus. Virology. 1979 May;95(1):185–196. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90413-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]