Abstract
The authors performed a case-control study of 60 school children who were examined for a constellation of anomalies suggestive of fetal alcohol exposure. Nonretarded learning disabled children were 7.25 times (95%, confidence interval, 1.05 to 50.0) more likely than controls to have signs consistent with alcohol exposure in fetal life. These data suggest an expanded spectrum of fetal alcohol effects. Early recognition of minor physical anomalies could result in prompt evaluation and treatment of these children.
Full text
PDF


Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Clarren S. K., Smith D. W. The fetal alcohol syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1978 May 11;298(19):1063–1067. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197805112981906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fryns J. P., Deroover J., Parloir C., Goffaux P., Lebas E., Van Den Berghe H. The foetal alcohol syndrome. Acta Paediatr Belg. 1977 Apr-Jun;30(2):117–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hanson J. W., Streissguth A. P., Smith D. W. The effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth and morphogenesis. J Pediatr. 1978 Mar;92(3):457–460. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80449-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harlap S., Shiono P. H. Alcohol, smoking, and incidence of spontaneous abortions in the first and second trimester. Lancet. 1980 Jul 26;2(8187):173–176. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90061-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nellhaus G. Head circumference from birth to eighteen years. Practical composite international and interracial graphs. Pediatrics. 1968 Jan;41(1):106–114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ouellette E. M., Rosett H. L., Rosman N. P., Weiner L. Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1977 Sep 8;297(10):528–530. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197709082971003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shaywitz S. E., Cohen D. J., Shaywitz B. A. Behavior and learning difficulties in children of normal intelligence born to alcoholic mothers. J Pediatr. 1980 Jun;96(6):978–982. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80621-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
