Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of the National Medical Association logoLink to Journal of the National Medical Association
letter
. 1986 Aug;78(8):771–775.

Epidemiology of Spontaneous Abortions: The Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking

Charles C Anokute
PMCID: PMC2571332  PMID: 3761378

Abstract

A prospective epidemiologic study of spontaneous abortions and fetal wastage was undertaken over a period of 12 months in Oklahoma City. A total of 1,050 pregnant women were followed from their first prenatal visit until the termination of pregnancy. In addition to the available information in the patients' medical records, a questionnaire was administered to each patient during her first visit. Detailed information was sought on the patient's smoking and drinking habits. Alcohol and cigarettes were found to have an independent, positive association with adverse pregnancy outcome. A dose-response relationship was observed, and a synergistic effect was illustrated.

Full text

PDF
771

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adashi E. Y., Rock J. A., Sapp K. C., Martin E. J., Wentz A. C., Jones G. S. Gestational outcome of clomiphene-related conceptions. Fertil Steril. 1979 Jun;31(6):620–626. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)44051-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Alberman E. D., Goldstein H. Possible teratogenic effect of cigarette smoking. Nature. 1971 Jun 25;231(5304):529–530. doi: 10.1038/231529a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Alberman E., Elliott M., Creasy M., Dhadial R. Previous reproductive history in mothers presenting with spontaneous abortions. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1975 May;82(5):366–373. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00651.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. ERHARDT C. L. PREGNANCY LOSSES IN NEW YORK CITY, 1960. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1963 Sep;53:1337–1352. doi: 10.2105/ajph.53.9.1337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gardiner A., Clarke C., Cowen J., Finn R., McKendrick O. Spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormality in subsequent pregnancy. Br Med J. 1978 Apr 22;1(6119):1016–1018. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6119.1016. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Harlap S., Shiono P. H. Alcohol, smoking, and incidence of spontaneous abortions in the first and second trimester. Lancet. 1980 Jul 26;2(8187):173–176. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90061-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. JAMES W. H. Notes towards an epidemiology of spontaneous abortion. Am J Hum Genet. 1963 Sep;15:223–240. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jones K. L., Smith D. W., Hanson J. W. The fetal alcohol syndrome: clinical delineation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;273:130–139. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb52873.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jones K. L., Smith D. W. Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet. 1973 Nov 3;302(7836):999–1001. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91092-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jones K. L., Smith D. W., Ulleland C. N., Streissguth P. Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet. 1973 Jun 9;1(7815):1267–1271. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91291-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaminski M., Rumeau C., Schwartz D. Alcohol consumption in pregnant women and the outcome of pregnancy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1978 Apr;2(2):155–163. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1978.tb04716.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kline J., Shrout P. E., Stein Z. A., Susser M., Weiss M. II. An epidemiological study of the role of gravidity in spontaneous abortion. Early Hum Dev. 1978 Feb;1(4):345–356. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(78)90042-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kline J., Shrout P., Stein Z., Susser M., Warburton D. Drinking during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Lancet. 1980 Jul 26;2(8187):176–180. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90062-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kline J., Stein Z. A., Susser M., Warburton D. Smoking: a risk factor for spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med. 1977 Oct 13;297(15):793–796. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197710132971501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kronick J. B. Teratogenic effects of ethyl alcohol administered to pregnant mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Apr 1;124(7):676–680. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33334-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Naylor A. F. Sequential aspects of spontaneous abortion: maternal age, parity, and pregnancy compensation artifact. Soc Biol. 1974 Summer;21(2):195–204. doi: 10.1080/19485565.1974.9988106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Palmer R. H., Oullette E. M., Warner L., Leichtman S. R. Congenital malformations in offspring of a chronic alcoholic mother. Pediatrics. 1974 Apr;53(4):490–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Park I. J., Heller R. H., Kaiser R. M., Jones H. W., Jr Spontaneous abortion after midtrimester amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Feb;53(2):190–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Poland B. J., Miller J. R., Jones D. C., Trimble B. K. Reproductive counseling in patients who have had a spontaneous abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977 Apr 1;127(7):685–691. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90240-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rush D., Kass E. H. Maternal smoking: a reassessment of the association with perinatal mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 1972 Sep;96(3):183–196. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. STEVENSON A. C., DUDGEON M. Y., McCLURE H. I. Observations on the results of pregnancies in women resident in Belfast. II. Abortions, hydatidiform moles and ectopic pregnancies. Ann Hum Genet. 1959 Dec;23:395–414. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1959.tb01482.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schoenbaum S. C., Monson R. R., Stubblefield P. G., Darney P. D., Ryan K. J. Outcome of the delivery following an induced or spontaneous abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Jan 1;136(1):19–24. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90557-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schwartz D., Goujard J., Kaminski M., Rumeau-Rouquette C. Smoking and pregnancy. Results of a prospective study of 6,989 women. Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol. 1972 Nov;17(9):867–879. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the National Medical Association are provided here courtesy of National Medical Association

RESOURCES