Abstract
When type I Candida stellatoidea is plated onto sucrose agar at levels in excess of 10(8) cells, some isolates spontaneously form sucrose-positive colonies. These isolates do not display typical type I phenotypes but instead exhibit phenotypes intermediate between type I C. stellatoidea and C. albicans. Also, this phenotypic change only occurs in conjunction with a chromosomal rearrangement. These rearrangements have been studied in a strain naturally marked for methionine auxotrophy. Chromosome-size DNA bands separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were probed with genes cloned from C. albicans. The hybridization pattern indicated that the genes on several chromosomes underwent extensive rearrangement.
Full text
PDF![1762](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/99540d20447f/iai00041-0186.png)
![1763](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/5a2d63782320/iai00041-0187.png)
![1764](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/d56f8f0e6654/iai00041-0188.png)
![1765](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/18f460d337a5/iai00041-0189.png)
![1766](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/e5e8304a3aab/iai00041-0190.png)
![1767](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/ccc284a9e960/iai00041-0191.png)
![1768](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/8cdba121ba03/iai00041-0192.png)
![1769](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/f31ae2496c1e/iai00041-0193.png)
![1770](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/8bfb043cead0/iai00041-0194.png)
![1771](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1a7b/257913/1ab96f38d106/iai00041-0195.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bowtell D. D. Rapid isolation of eukaryotic DNA. Anal Biochem. 1987 May 1;162(2):463–465. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90421-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carle G. F., Olson M. V. Separation of chromosomal DNA molecules from yeast by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5647–5664. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.14.5647. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chu G., Vollrath D., Davis R. W. Separation of large DNA molecules by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1582–1585. doi: 10.1126/science.3538420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chung K. J., Hill W. B. Studies on the pink, adenine-deficient strains of Candida albicans. I. Cultural and morphological characteristics. Sabouraudia. 1970 May;8(1):48–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cutler J. E., Glee P. M., Horn H. L. Candida albicans- and Candida stellatoidea-specific DNA fragment. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Sep;26(9):1720–1724. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.9.1720-1724.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Golin J. E., Falco S. C., Margolskee J. P. Coincident gene conversion events in yeast that involve a large insertion. Genetics. 1986 Dec;114(4):1081–1094. doi: 10.1093/genetics/114.4.1081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HASENCLEVER H. F., MITCHELL W. O., LOEWE J. Antigenic studies of Candida. II. Antigenic relation of Candida albicans group A and group B to Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis. J Bacteriol. 1961 Oct;82:574–577. doi: 10.1128/jb.82.4.574-577.1961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holm C., Meeks-Wagner D. W., Fangman W. L., Botstein D. A rapid, efficient method for isolating DNA from yeast. Gene. 1986;42(2):169–173. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90293-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kamiyama A., Niimi M., Tokunaga M., Nakayama H. Adansonian study of Candida albicans: intraspecific homogeneity excepting C. stellatoidea strains. J Med Vet Mycol. 1989;27(4):229–241. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Hicks J. B., Lipke P. N. Evidence that Candida stellatoidea type II is a mutant of Candida albicans that does not express sucrose-inhibitable alpha-glucosidase. Infect Immun. 1990 Sep;58(9):2804–2808. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.9.2804-2808.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Lehman D., Good C., Magee P. T. Genetic evidence for role of extracellular proteinase in virulence of Candida albicans. Infect Immun. 1985 Sep;49(3):571–575. doi: 10.1128/iai.49.3.571-575.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Riggsby W. S., Uphoff R. A., Hicks J. B., Whelan W. L., Reiss E., Magee B. B., Wickes B. L. Genetic differences between type I and type II Candida stellatoidea. Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):527–532. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.2.527-532.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Wickes B. L., Merz W. G. Association of electrophoretic karyotype of Candida stellatoidea with virulence for mice. Infect Immun. 1988 Jul;56(7):1814–1819. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.7.1814-1819.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Wickes B. L., Salkin I. F., Kotz H. L., Sobel J. D. Is Candida stellatoidea disappearing from the vaginal mucosa? J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Mar;28(3):600–601. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.600-601.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kwon-Chung K. J., Wickes B. L., Whelan W. L. Ploidy and DNA content of Candida stellatoidea cells. Infect Immun. 1987 Dec;55(12):3207–3208. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.12.3207-3208.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Langsley G., Ponnudurai T. Plasmodium falciparum: analysis of karyotype polymorphism using chromosome-specific probes. Exp Parasitol. 1988 Apr;65(2):168–173. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(88)90120-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mason M. M., Lasker B. A., Riggsby W. S. Molecular probe for identification of medically important Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Mar;25(3):563–566. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.3.563-566.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Merz W. G., Connelly C., Hieter P. Variation of electrophoretic karyotypes among clinical isolates of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 May;26(5):842–845. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.5.842-845.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orbach M. J., Vollrath D., Davis R. W., Yanofsky C. An electrophoretic karyotype of Neurospora crassa. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1469–1473. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.4.1469. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pagès M., Bastien P., Veas F., Rossi V., Bellis M., Wincker P., Rioux J. A., Roizès G. Chromosome size and number polymorphisms in Leishmania infantum suggest amplification/deletion and possible genetic exchange. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1989 Sep;36(2):161–168. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(89)90188-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rikkerink E. H., Magee B. B., Magee P. T. Genomic structure of Candida stellatoidea: extra chromosomes and gene duplication. Infect Immun. 1990 Apr;58(4):949–954. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.4.949-954.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rustchenko-Bulgac E. P., Sherman F., Hicks J. B. Chromosomal rearrangements associated with morphological mutants provide a means for genetic variation of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1990 Mar;172(3):1276–1283. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.3.1276-1283.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sarachek A., Brecher C. A., Rhoads D. D. Differentiation of Candida stellatoidea from C. albicans and C. tropicalis by temperature-dependent growth responses on defined media. Mycopathologia. 1981 Sep 11;75(3):179–189. doi: 10.1007/BF00482814. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scherer S., Stevens D. A. A Candida albicans dispersed, repeated gene family and its epidemiologic applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1452–1456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartz D. C., Cantor C. R. Separation of yeast chromosome-sized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):67–75. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90301-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shea C., Glass D. J., Parangi S., Van der Ploeg L. H. Variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site switches in Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5;261(13):6056–6063. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Slutsky B., Buffo J., Soll D. R. High-frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans. Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):666–669. doi: 10.1126/science.3901258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Slutsky B., Staebell M., Anderson J., Risen L., Pfaller M., Soll D. R. "White-opaque transition": a second high-frequency switching system in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jan;169(1):189–197. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.1.189-197.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki T., Kanbe T., Kuroiwa T., Tanaka K. Occurrence of ploidy shift in a strain of the imperfect yeast Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol. 1986 Feb;132(2):443–453. doi: 10.1099/00221287-132-2-443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whelan W. L., Partridge R. M., Magee P. T. Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;180(1):107–113. doi: 10.1007/BF00267358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van der Walt J. P. Sexually active strains of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus albidus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1967;33(3):246–256. doi: 10.1007/BF02045570. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]