Table 1. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors exposed within 6 months before onset of acute hepatitis B: a community-based study.
| Potential risk factor | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| Household contact with HBV carriers | 101 (34.35) | 89 (15.14) | 2.93 (2.11 to 4.08) | 3.05 (2.11 to 4.41)* |
| Spouse with HBV infection | 21 (7.14) | 25 (4.25) | 1.73 (0.92 to 3.27) | |
| Mother with HBV infection | 12 (4.08) | 5 (0.85) | 4.96 (1.73 to 14.22) | 4.25 (1.11 to 16.22)† |
| Other members with HBV infection | 45 (15.31) | 24 (4.08) | 4.23 (2.53 to 7.13) | 3.64 (1.97 to 6.75)† |
| Family member with liver cirrhosis | 18 (6.12) | 5 (0.85) | 7.60 (2.68 to 26.41) | 4.04 (1.28 to 12.78)† |
| Family member with HCC | 11 (3.74) | 8 (1.36) | 2.82 (1.04 to 7.76) | |
| Sharing razor | 8 (2.72) | 6 (1.02) | 2.71 (0.82 to 9.57) | |
| Sharing towels | 30 (10.20) | 38 (6.46) | 1.64 (0.97 to 2.79) | |
| Invasive medical procedure | 103 (35.03) | 77 (13.10) | 3.56 (2.55 to 5.02) | 3.72 (2.55 to 5.42)* |
| Surgery | 12 (4.08) | 9 (1.53) | 2.74 (1.06 to 7.14) | |
| Endoscopy | 10 (3.40) | 7 (1.19) | 2.92 (1.01 to 8.60) | |
| Intravenous injection or infusion | 78 (26.53) | 56 (9.52) | 3.43 (2.31 to 5.10) | 2.53 (1.52 to 4.21)† |
| Intramuscular injection | 61 (20.75) | 40 (6.80) | 3.59 (2.29 to 5.62) | 2.17 (1.22 to 3.84)† |
| Body care and beauty treatments in public places | 130 (44.22) | 155 (26.36) | 2.21 (1.65 to 2.97) | 1.52 (1.09 to 2.12)* |
| Barber shop shaving (⩾4 times) | 58 (19.73) | 76 (12.93) | 1.66 (1.12 to 2.45) | |
| Receiving pedicure in the bath centre | 103 (35.03) | 102 (17.35) | 2.55 (1.85 to 3.51) | 1.98 (1.36 to 2.87)† |
| No | 191 | 486 | ||
| Once | 31 | 50 | 1.58 (0.95 to 2.61) | |
| Two to three times | 21 | 28 | 1.91 (1.02 to 3.57) | |
| Four times or more | 51 | 24 | 5.41 (3.15 to 9.33) | |
| Eating out (twice or more/week) | 93 (31.63) | 69 (11.73) | 3.48 (2.41 to 5.02) | 3.20 (2.14 to 4.77)* |
| Lack of HBV vaccination | 285 (96.94) | 484 (82.31) | 6.80 (3.28 to 14.62) | 7.78 (3.76 to 16.11)* |
Data are expressed as number (%).
*Variables in the multivariate model included household contact with HBV carriers, invasive medical procedure, body care/beauty treatments in public places, eating out and lack of HBV vaccination.
†Variables in the multivariate model included mother with HBV infection, other members with HBV infection, family members with liver cirrhosis, intravenous injection or infusion, intramuscular injection, receiving pedicure in the bath centre, eating out, and absent HBV vaccination.
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; OR, odds ratio.