Skip to main content
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1991 Nov;59(11):4291–4293. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.11.4291-4293.1991

Immunogenicity of Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine for young children.

J R Murphy 1, L Grez 1, L Schlesinger 1, C Ferreccio 1, S Baqar 1, C Muñoz 1, S S Wasserman 1, G Losonsky 1, J G Olson 1, M M Levine 1
PMCID: PMC259034  PMID: 1937790

Abstract

An attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine was administered to 18 infants and toddlers (less than or equal to 24 months old) to determine its safety and immunogenicity. The vaccination (10(9) CFU per dose, three doses) was well tolerated. However, after the vaccination there was no evidence of a humoral or cellular immune response to S. typhi. The vaccine used was known to be immunogenic for older children and adults. The results support the view that the immunogenicity of Ty21a is age dependent.

Full text

PDF
4291

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ASHCROFT M. T., RITCHIE J. M., NICHOLSON C. C. CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL IN BRITISH GUIANA SCHOOL CHILDREN OF HEAT-KILLED-PHENOLIZED AND ACETONE-KILLED LYOPHILIZED TYPHOID VACCINES. Am J Hyg. 1964 Mar;79:196–206. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Attridge S. R., Daniels D., Morona J. K., Morona R. Surface co-expression of Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi O-antigens on Ty21a clone EX210. Microb Pathog. 1990 Mar;8(3):177–188. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90045-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Black R. E., Levine M. M., Ferreccio C., Clements M. L., Lanata C., Rooney J., Germanier R. Efficacy of one or two doses of Ty21a Salmonella typhi vaccine in enteric-coated capsules in a controlled field trial. Chilean Typhoid Committee. Vaccine. 1990 Feb;8(1):81–84. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90183-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Black R., Levine M. M., Young C., Rooney J., Levine S., Clements M. L., O'Donnell S., Hugues T., Germanier R. Immunogenicity of Ty21a attenuated "Salmonella typhi" given with sodium bicarbonate or in enteric-coated capsules. Dev Biol Stand. 1983;53:9–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Formal S. B., Baron L. S., Kopecko D. J., Washington O., Powell C., Life C. A. Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a typhoid vaccine strain. Infect Immun. 1981 Dec;34(3):746–750. doi: 10.1128/iai.34.3.746-750.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gilman R. H., Hornick R. B., Woodard W. E., DuPont H. L., Snyder M. J., Levine M. M., Libonati J. P. Evaluation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimeraseless mutant of Salmonella typhi as a liver oral vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1977 Dec;136(6):717–723. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.6.717. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hackett J. Salmonella-based vaccines. Vaccine. 1990 Feb;8(1):5–11. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(90)90169-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lanata C. F., Levine M. M., Ristori C., Black R. E., Jimenez L., Salcedo M., Garcia J., Sotomayor V. Vi serology in detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers in an endemic area. Lancet. 1983 Aug 20;2(8347):441–443. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90401-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Levine M. M., Ferreccio C., Black R. E., Germanier R. Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. Lancet. 1987 May 9;1(8541):1049–1052. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90480-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Levine M. M., Grados O., Gilman R. H., Woodward W. E., Solis-Plaza R., Waldman W. Diagnostic value of the Widal test in areas endemic for typhoid fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978 Jul;27(4):795–800. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Levine M. M., Herrington D., Murphy J. R., Morris J. G., Losonsky G., Tall B., Lindberg A. A., Svenson S., Baqar S., Edwards M. F. Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and in vivo stability of two attenuated auxotrophic mutant strains of Salmonella typhi, 541Ty and 543Ty, as live oral vaccines in humans. J Clin Invest. 1987 Mar;79(3):888–902. doi: 10.1172/JCI112899. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ma Q. J., Yu X. Q., Liu C. X., Zhou J. G., Xiong L. S., Huang C. F. Construction of a bivalent oral vaccine for prevention of typhoid fever and cholera diarrhea. Sci China B. 1990 Jan;33(1):44–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Murphy J. R., Baqar S., Muñoz C., Schlesinger L., Ferreccio C., Lindberg A. A., Svenson S., Losonsky G., Koster F., Levine M. M. Characteristics of humoral and cellular immunity to Salmonella typhi in residents of typhoid-endemic and typhoid-free regions. J Infect Dis. 1987 Dec;156(6):1005–1009. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.6.1005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Murphy J. R., Wasserman S. S., Baqar S., Schlesinger L., Ferreccio C., Lindberg A. A., Levine M. M. Immunity to Salmonella typhi: considerations relevant to measurement of cellular immunity in typhoid-endemic regions. Clin Exp Immunol. 1989 Feb;75(2):228–233. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schultz C. Isoenzyme analysis of typhoid-Shigella and Escherichia-Shigella hybrid vaccines and their parental strains. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Dec;27(12):2838–2841. doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.12.2838-2841.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tacket C. O., Ferreccio C., Robbins J. B., Tsai C. M., Schulz D., Cadoz M., Goudeau A., Levine M. M. Safety and immunogenicity of two Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines. J Infect Dis. 1986 Aug;154(2):342–345. doi: 10.1093/infdis/154.2.342. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Tacket C. O., Forrest B., Morona R., Attridge S. R., LaBrooy J., Tall B. D., Reymann M., Rowley D., Levine M. M. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from Salmonella typhi Ty21a. Infect Immun. 1990 Jun;58(6):1620–1627. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.6.1620-1627.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Van de Verg L., Herrington D. A., Murphy J. R., Wasserman S. S., Formal S. B., Levine M. M. Specific immunoglobulin A-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic S. sonnei. Infect Immun. 1990 Jun;58(6):2002–2004. doi: 10.1128/iai.58.6.2002-2004.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wahdan M. H., Sérié C., Cerisier Y., Sallam S., Germanier R. A controlled field trial of live Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results. J Infect Dis. 1982 Mar;145(3):292–295. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.3.292. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES