Abstract
Cell wall composition of isogenic virulent-avirulent strain pairs of Histoplasma capsulatum varied markedly with respect to alpha-(1,3)-glucan content. When yeast cell walls were fractionated by standard techniques, the avirulent strains contained up to 1,000-fold less alpha-(1,3)-glucan than did their virulent parents. No alpha-(1,3)-glucan could be detected on the surface of the avirulent strain yeast cells if we used a mouse monoclonal antibody that recognized this polymer. A similar relationship between virulence and alpha-(1,3)-glucan has been described for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. alpha-(1,3)-Glucan is also found in several other pathogenic fungi and may thus be an important common virulence determinant.
Full text
PDF![2997](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/feb7/259684/cb569adea3e3/iai00083-0239.png)
![2998](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/feb7/259684/7ff1625fa933/iai00083-0240.png)
![2999](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/feb7/259684/2f2c3aa2da9a/iai00083-0241.png)
![3000](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/feb7/259684/1de821604c14/iai00083-0242.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bacon J. S., Jones D., Farmer V. C., Webley D. M. The occurrence of alpha(1-3)glucan in Cryptococcus, Schizosaccharomyces and Polyporus species, and its hydrolysis by a Streptomyces culture filtrate lysing cell walls of Cryptococcus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 May;158(2):313–315. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90153-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown C. A., Draper P., Hart P. D. Mycobacteria and lysosomes: a paradox. Nature. 1969 Feb 15;221(5181):658–660. doi: 10.1038/221658a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carrol M. E., Jackett P. S., Aber V. R., Lowrie D. B. Phagolysosome formation, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and the fate of Salmonella typhimurium within mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Gen Microbiol. 1979 Feb;110(2):421–429. doi: 10.1099/00221287-110-2-421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Domer J. E. Monosaccharide and chitin content of cell walls of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. J Bacteriol. 1971 Sep;107(3):870–877. doi: 10.1128/jb.107.3.870-877.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eissenberg L. G., Goldman W. E. Histoplasma capsulatum fails to trigger release of superoxide from macrophages. Infect Immun. 1987 Jan;55(1):29–34. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.1.29-34.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eissenberg L. G., Schlesinger P. H., Goldman W. E. Phagosome-lysosome fusion in P388D1 macrophages infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. J Leukoc Biol. 1988 Jun;43(6):483–491. doi: 10.1002/jlb.43.6.483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hart P. D., Armstrong J. A., Brown C. A., Draper P. Ultrastructural study of the behavior of macrophages toward parasitic mycobacteria. Infect Immun. 1972 May;5(5):803–807. doi: 10.1128/iai.5.5.803-807.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Johnston I. R. The partial acid hydrolysis of a highly dextrorotatory fragment of the cell wall of Aspergillus niger. Isolation of the alpha-(1-3)-linked dextrin series. Biochem J. 1965 Sep;96(3):659–664. doi: 10.1042/bj0960659. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kanetsuna F., Carbonell L. M. Cell wall composition of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jun;106(3):946–948. doi: 10.1128/jb.106.3.946-948.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kanetsuna F., Carbonell L. M., Gil F., Azuma I. Chemical and ultrastructural studies on the cell walls of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of Histoplasma capsulatum. Mycopathol Mycol Appl. 1974 Oct 15;54(1):1–13. doi: 10.1007/BF02055967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimpel K. R., Goldman W. E. Isolation and characterization of spontaneous avirulent variants of Histoplasma capsulatum. Infect Immun. 1987 Mar;55(3):528–533. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.3.528-533.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levitz S. M., Diamond R. D. Mechanisms of resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia to killing by neutrophils in vitro. J Infect Dis. 1985 Jul;152(1):33–42. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.1.33. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas F., San-Blas G., Cova L. J. A morphological mutant of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9. Isolation and wall characterization. J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Apr;93(2):209–218. doi: 10.1099/00221287-93-2-209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas G., Ordaz D., Yegres F. J. Histoplasma capsulatum: chemical variability of the yeast cell wall. Sabouraudia. 1978 Dec;16(4):279–284. doi: 10.1080/00362177885380381. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas G., San-Blas F., Ormaechea E., Serrano L. E. Cell wall analysis of an adenine-requiring mutant of the yeast-like form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9. Sabouraudia. 1977 Nov;15(3):297–303. doi: 10.1080/00362177785380121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas G., San-Blas F. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cell wall structure and virulence. A review. Mycopathologia. 1977 Dec 16;62(2):77–86. doi: 10.1007/BF01259396. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas G., San-Blas F., Serrano L. E. Host-parasite relationships in the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9. Infect Immun. 1977 Feb;15(2):343–346. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.2.343-346.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- San-Blas G., Vernet D. Induction of the synthesis of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan in the yeastlike form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9 by fetal calf serum. Infect Immun. 1977 Mar;15(3):897–902. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.3.897-902.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seljelid R., Bøgwald J., Rasmussen L. T., Larm O., Hoffman J., Berge A., Ugelstad J. In vivo activation of mouse macrophages with beta-1,3-D-glucan-derivatized plastic beads. Scand J Immunol. 1985 Jun;21(6):601–605. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01850.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Worsham P. L., Goldman W. E. Quantitative plating of Histoplasma capsulatum without addition of conditioned medium or siderophores. J Med Vet Mycol. 1988 Jun;26(3):137–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]