Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1988 May;56(5):1158–1161. doi: 10.1128/iai.56.5.1158-1161.1988

Type II heat-labile enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from animals and humans.

J Seriwatana 1, P Echeverria 1, D N Taylor 1, L Rasrinaul 1, J E Brown 1, J S Peiris 1, C L Clayton 1
PMCID: PMC259777  PMID: 2833443

Abstract

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-producing Escherichia coli strains, as identified by the Y1 adrenal cell assay, were examined with a DNA probe coding for type I and type II LTs. Of 236 LT-producing E. coli isolates, 60% hybridized with LT-I, 17% hybridized with LT-II, and 23% did not hybridize with either probe and no longer produced LT as determined by the Y1 adrenal cell assay. These isolates presumably lost plasmids coding for LT-I during storage. A total of 75% of LT-producing E. coli isolates (27 of 36) from cows, 64% of LT-producing E. coli isolates (7 of 11) from buffalo, 31% of LT-producing E. coli isolates (4 of 13) from beef obtained in markets, and 2% of LT-producing E. coli isolates (3 of 168) from humans contained genes coding for LT-II. Genes coding for LT-II were not found in 50 LT-I-producing and heat-stable enterotoxin-producing E. coli isolates from 11 children with diarrhea and 44 LT-nonproducing and heat-stable enterotoxin-producing E. coli isolates from 12 other children with diarrhea. A total of 9% of LT-II-producing E. coli isolates (3 of 34) from cows and buffalo hybridized with DNA probes for genes coding for verocytotoxin 2 (VT2), and 18% (6 of 34) hybridized with a DNA probe coding for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) adhesin fimbriae. E. coli SA-53, the original isolate in which LT-II was found, contained genes coding for VT2 and EHEC adhesin fimbriae. Five VT-producing, LT-II-producing E. coli isolates that hybridized with the EHEC probe did not contain DNA sequences coding for VT1 or VT2. LT-II-producing E. coli strains were frequently isolated from cattle and buffalo but were rarely isolated from humans.

Full text

PDF
1158

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Belisle B. W., Twiddy E. M., Holmes R. K. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to heat-labile enterotoxin encoded by a plasmid from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1984 Mar;43(3):1027–1032. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.3.1027-1032.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Belisle B. W., Twiddy E. M., Holmes R. K. Monoclonal antibodies with an expanded repertoire of specificities and potent neutralizing activity for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):759–764. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.759-764.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brenner D. J., Fanning G. R., Johnson K. E., Citarella R. V., Falkow S. Polynucleotide sequence relationships among members of Enterobacteriaceae. J Bacteriol. 1969 May;98(2):637–650. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.637-650.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chang P. P., Moss J., Twiddy E. M., Holmes R. K. Type II heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli activates adenylate cyclase in human fibroblasts by ADP ribosylation. Infect Immun. 1987 Aug;55(8):1854–1858. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.8.1854-1858.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clements J. D., Flint D. C., Klipstein F. A. Immunological and physicochemical characterization of heat-labile enterotoxins isolated from two strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1982 Nov;38(2):806–809. doi: 10.1128/iai.38.2.806-809.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dallas W. S., Gill D. M., Falkow S. Cistrons encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin. J Bacteriol. 1979 Sep;139(3):850–858. doi: 10.1128/jb.139.3.850-858.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dean A. G., Ching Y. C., Williams R. G., Harden L. B. Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu. J Infect Dis. 1972 Apr;125(4):407–411. doi: 10.1093/infdis/125.4.407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Geary S. J., Marchlewicz B. A., Finkelstein R. A. Comparison of heat-labile enterotoxins from porcine and human strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1982 Apr;36(1):215–220. doi: 10.1128/iai.36.1.215-220.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Green B. A., Neill R. J., Ruyechan W. T., Holmes R. K. Evidence that a new enterotoxin of Escherichia coli which activates adenylate cyclase in eucaryotic target cells is not plasmid mediated. Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):383–390. doi: 10.1128/iai.41.1.383-390.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Guth B. E., Pickett C. L., Twiddy E. M., Holmes R. K., Gomes T. A., Lima A. A., Guerrant R. L., Franco B. D., Trabulsi L. R. Production of type II heat-labile enterotoxin by Escherichia coli isolated from food and human feces. Infect Immun. 1986 Nov;54(2):587–589. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.2.587-589.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Guth B. E., Twiddy E. M., Trabulsi L. R., Holmes R. K. Variation in chemical properties and antigenic determinants among type II heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1986 Nov;54(2):529–536. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.2.529-536.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Holmes R. K., Twiddy E. M., Pickett C. L. Purification and characterization of type II heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1986 Sep;53(3):464–473. doi: 10.1128/iai.53.3.464-473.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Honda T., Tsuji T., Takeda Y., Miwatani T. Immunological nonidentity of heat-labile enterotoxins from human and porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1981 Nov;34(2):337–340. doi: 10.1128/iai.34.2.337-340.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Konowalchuk J., Speirs J. I., Stavric S. Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):775–779. doi: 10.1128/iai.18.3.775-779.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Levine M. M., Xu J. G., Kaper J. B., Lior H., Prado V., Tall B., Nataro J., Karch H., Wachsmuth K. A DNA probe to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of O157:H7 and other serotypes that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Infect Dis. 1987 Jul;156(1):175–182. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.1.175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Maniatis T., Jeffrey A., Kleid D. G. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1184–1188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Meinkoth J., Wahl G. Hybridization of nucleic acids immobilized on solid supports. Anal Biochem. 1984 May 1;138(2):267–284. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90808-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Moseley S. L., Echeverria P., Seriwatana J., Tirapat C., Chaicumpa W., Sakuldaipeara T., Falkow S. Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by colony hybridization using three enterotoxin gene probes. J Infect Dis. 1982 Jun;145(6):863–869. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.6.863. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Newland J. W., Strockbine N. A., Miller S. F., O'Brien A. D., Holmes R. K. Cloning of Shiga-like toxin structural genes from a toxin converting phage of Escherichia coli. Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):179–181. doi: 10.1126/science.2994228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pickett C. L., Twiddy E. M., Belisle B. W., Holmes R. K. Cloning of genes that encode a new heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1986 Feb;165(2):348–352. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.2.348-352.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sack D. A., Sack R. B. Test for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using Y-1 adrenal cells in miniculture. Infect Immun. 1975 Feb;11(2):334–336. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.2.334-336.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. So M., Dallas W. S., Falkow S. Characterization of an Escherichia coli plasmid encoding for synthesis of heat-labile toxin: molecular cloning of the toxin determinant. Infect Immun. 1978 Aug;21(2):405–411. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.2.405-411.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tzipori S., Karch H., Wachsmuth K. I., Robins-Browne R. M., O'Brien A. D., Lior H., Cohen M. L., Smithers J., Levine M. M. Role of a 60-megadalton plasmid and Shiga-like toxins in the pathogenesis of infection caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in gnotobiotic piglets. Infect Immun. 1987 Dec;55(12):3117–3125. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.12.3117-3125.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Vinal A. C., Dallas W. S. Partition of heat-labile-enterotoxin genes between human and animal Escherichia coli isolates. Infect Immun. 1987 May;55(5):1329–1331. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.5.1329-1331.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES