Table 1.
Parts Per Million Magnetic Field (ppm) | Metabolite | Properties |
---|---|---|
0.9 − 1.2 | Lipids* | Membrane constitutents |
1.33 | Lactate (doublet) | Product of anerobic glycolysis^ |
2.02 | N-acetyl-L-aspartate | Neuro-axonal marker |
2.1 − 2.4 | Glutamate/GABA/Glutamine*+ | Neurotransmittor |
2.4 | Succinate | Krebs cycle intermediate |
3.03 | Creatine/phosphocreatine | Energy metabolism |
3.22 | Choline compounds | Cell membrane marker |
3.56 | Myo-inositol* | Glial cell marker, osmolyte |
Best observed at short echo times (TE)
Best delineated with editing techniques or specialized acquisition (TE-80 ms at 3T for Glutamate/GABA/Glutamine).
Also may be seen in mitochondrial disease states.