Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine logoLink to The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
. 1960 Feb;32(4):280–309.

A Consideration of the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Meningitis: Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies

Donald H Harter, Robert G Petersdorf
PMCID: PMC2604077  PMID: 14400091

Full text

PDF
280

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ALEXANDER J. D., Jr, FLIPPIN H. F., EISENBERG G. M. Pneumococcic meningitis; study of one hundred two cases. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1953 Apr;91(4):440–447. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1953.00240160026003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ATKINS E. C., CUMMINGS M. M. Tuberculous meningitis; treatment of spinal block with intrathecal administration of tuberculin. N Engl J Med. 1952 Nov 6;247(19):715–717. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195211062471903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. AUSTRIAN R. Pneumococcal endocarditis, meningitis, and rupture of the aortic valve. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1957 Apr;99(4):539–544. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Amoss H. L., Eberson F. EXPERIMENTS ON THE MODE OF INFECTION IN EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS. J Exp Med. 1919 Jun 1;29(6):605–618. doi: 10.1084/jem.29.6.605. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Amoss H. L., Eberson F. THE PASSAGE OF MENINGOCOCCIC AGGLUTININS FROM THE BLOOD TO THE SPINAL FLUID OF THE MONKEY. J Exp Med. 1919 Jun 1;29(6):597–603. doi: 10.1084/jem.29.6.597. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BALTCH A., OSBORNE W. Inquiry into causes of lowered spinal fluid sugar content: in vivo and in vitro observations. J Lab Clin Med. 1957 Jun;49(6):882–889. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. BATTEN J. C., DINEEN P. A. P., MCCUNE R. M., Jr The effect of antimicrobial drugs on an experimental staphylococcal infection in mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1956 Aug 31;65(3):91–102. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb36627.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. BENNETT I. L., Jr Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. V. The fever accompanying pneumococcal infection in the rabbit. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1956 Mar;98(3):216–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. BERG L. Hypoglycorrhachia of non-infectious origin: diffuse meningeal neoplasia. Neurology. 1953 Nov;3(11):811–824. doi: 10.1212/wnl.3.11.811. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. BOGER W. P., WILSON W. W. Rapid attainment of therapeutic penicillin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. Am J Med Sci. 1949 Jun;217(6):593–599. doi: 10.1097/00000441-194906000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. BRAUDE A. I., SHAPIRO A. P., SIEMIENSKI J. Hematogenous pyelonephritis in rats. I. Its pathogenesis when produced by a simple new method. J Clin Invest. 1955 Oct;34(10):1489–1497. doi: 10.1172/JCI103200. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. BUNN P. A., PEABODY G. Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis with large doses of penicillin; a series of twenty consecutive cases. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1952 May;89(5):736–742. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1952.00240050050004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Buggs C. W., Pilling M. A., Bronstein B., Hirshfeld J. W., Worzniak L., Key L. J. THE ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF STREPTOMYCIN IN MAN. J Clin Invest. 1946 Jan;25(1):94–102. doi: 10.1172/JCI101693. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bull C. G. IMMUNITY FACTORS IN PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN THE DOG. J Exp Med. 1916 Jul 1;24(1):7–24. doi: 10.1084/jem.24.1.7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bull C. G. THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES. J Exp Med. 1917 Apr 1;25(4):557–580. doi: 10.1084/jem.25.4.557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. CANELAS H. M., NETTO A. S. F., LEVY J. A., VALENTE M. I., BITTENCOURT J. M. Estudo das relaçes entre as taxas de glicose no liqüido cefalorraqueano e no sangue. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1953 Dec;11(4):371–385. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x1953000400005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. CHEEK D. B. Further observations on electrolyte change in tuberculous meningitis; the ratio of the concentrations of bromide in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Pediatrics. 1956 Aug;18(2):218–226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. CHEEK D. B. Total body chloride in tuberculous meningitis. Pediatrics. 1954 Aug;14(2):87–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. CLARK K. L., JERVEY L. P., Jr, FREIMAN D. G., HAMBURGER M. Studies in experimental meningitis in rhesus monkeys. III. The effect of intracisternal injection of streptokinase and streptodornase on the exudate of experimental meningitis. J Infect Dis. 1955 Nov-Dec;97(3):305–310. doi: 10.1093/infdis/97.3.305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. COOPER E. S., LECHNER E., BELLET S. Relation between serum and cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes under normal and abnormal conditions. Am J Med. 1955 Apr;18(4):613–621. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(55)90462-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. CRANNY R. L., KELLEY V. C. The use of hydrocortisone in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis; a study of steroid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. AMA J Dis Child. 1958 Aug;96(2):165–168. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1958.02060060167006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. CUTLER M., CUTLER P. Iatrogenic meningitis. J Med Soc N J. 1953 Nov;50(11):510–514. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. DANIELS W. B. Cause of death in meningococcic infection; analysis of 300 fatal cases. Am J Med. 1950 Apr;8(4):468–473. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(50)90228-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. DODGE H. W., SAYRE G. P., SVIEN H. J. Sugar content of the cerebrospinal fluid in diffuse neoplastic involvement of the meninges. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1952 Jul 2;27(14):259–266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Dixon W. E., Halliburton W. D. The cerebro-spinal fluid: I. Secretion of the fluid. J Physiol. 1913 Nov 7;47(3):215–242. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1913.sp001621. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Dumoff-Stanley E., Dowling H. F., Sweet L. K. THE ABSORPTION INTO AND DISTRIBUTION OF PENICILLIN IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. J Clin Invest. 1946 Jan;25(1):87–93. doi: 10.1172/JCI101692. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. ECKMAN P. L., KING W. M., BRUNSON J. G. Studies on the blood brain barrier. I. Effects produced by a single injection of gramnegative endotoxin on the permeability of the cerebral vessels. Am J Pathol. 1958 Jul-Aug;34(4):631–643. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. FINCK W. Uber die Permeabilität der Blutliquorschranke und der Bluthirnschranke bei experimenteller Meningitis und bei Fieber. Zentralbl Allg Pathol. 1957 Aug 26;96(9-11):477–483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. FISHMAN R. A. Exchange of albumin between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Am J Physiol. 1953 Oct;175(1):96–98. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.175.1.96. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. FRIEDMAN A., LEVINSON A. Cerebrospinal fluid inorganic phosphorus in normal and pathologic conditions. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1955 Oct;74(4):424–440. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1955.02330160074010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Flexner S., Amoss H. L. LOCALIZATION OF THE VIRUS AND PATHOGENESIS OF EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS. J Exp Med. 1914 Sep 1;20(3):249–268. doi: 10.1084/jem.20.3.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Flexner S., Amoss H. L. THE PASSAGE OF NEUTRALIZING SUBSTANCE FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED MONKEYS. J Exp Med. 1918 Jul 1;28(1):11–17. doi: 10.1084/jem.28.1.11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Flexner S., Amoss H. L. THE PASSAGE OF NEUTRALIZING SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN POLIOMYELITIS. J Exp Med. 1917 Apr 1;25(4):499–505. doi: 10.1084/jem.25.4.499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Flexner S., Amoss H. L. THE RELATION OF THE MENINGES AND CHOROID PLEXUS TO POLIOMYELITIC INFECTION. J Exp Med. 1917 Apr 1;25(4):525–537. doi: 10.1084/jem.25.4.525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Flexner S. CONCERNING A SERUM-THERAPY FOR EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH DIPLOCOCCUS INTRACELLULARIS. J Exp Med. 1907 Mar 14;9(2):168–185. doi: 10.1084/jem.9.2.168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Flexner S. EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS IN MONKEYS. J Exp Med. 1907 Mar 14;9(2):142–167. doi: 10.1084/jem.9.2.142. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Freund J. ACCUMULATION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. J Exp Med. 1930 May 31;51(6):889–902. doi: 10.1084/jem.51.6.889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. GITLIN D., GROSS P. A., JANEWAY C. A. The gamma globulins and their clinical significance. II. Hypogammaglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 1959 Jan 8;260(2):72–76. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195901082600206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. GOFSTEIN R., GELLIS S. S. Splenectomy in infancy and childhood; the question of overwhelming infection following operation. AMA J Dis Child. 1956 Jun;91(6):566–569. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060020568007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. GOLDRING S., HARFORD C. G. Effect of leucocytes and bacteria on glucose content of the cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1950 Dec;75(3):669–672. doi: 10.3181/00379727-75-18300. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. HAMBURGER M., CLARK K. L., BIEHL J. P., JERVEY L. P., Jr Studies in experimental meningitis in Rhesus monkeys. I. The pathogenic effect of various bacteria recovered from human cases. J Infect Dis. 1955 Jul-Aug;97(1):39–47. doi: 10.1093/infdis/97.1.39. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. HUNTER G., SMITH H. V., TAYLOR L. M. On the bromide test of permeability of the barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid--an assessment. Biochem J. 1954 Apr;56(4):588–597. doi: 10.1042/bj0560588. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Hendry E. The cause of reduction of the sugar content of the cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. Arch Dis Child. 1939 Dec;14(80):307–316. doi: 10.1136/adc.14.80.307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. IVEMARK B. I. Implications of agenesis of the spleen on the pathogenesis of conotruncus anomalies in childhood; an analysis of the heart malformations in the splenic agenesis syndrome, with fourteen new cases. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1955 Nov;44(Suppl 104):7–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. JOHNSON A. J., AYVAZIAN J. H., TILLETT W. S. Crystalline pancreatic desoxyribonuclease as an adjunct to the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 30;260(18):893–900. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195904302601801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. JOHNSON J. R., FURSTENBERG N. E., PATTERSON R., SCHOCH H. K., DAVEY W. N. Corticotropin and adrenal steroids as adjuncts to the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Ann Intern Med. 1957 Feb;46(2):316–331. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-46-2-316. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Jervell O. THE PERMEABILITY OF MENINGES TO URANIN AS A METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS: (Preliminary Communication.). Br Med J. 1925 Jan 31;1(3344):210–210. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.3344.210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. KABAT E. A., GLUSMAN M., KNAUB V. Quantitative estimation of the albumin and gamma globulin in normal and pathologic cerebrospinal fluid by immunochemical methods. Am J Med. 1948 May;4(5):653–662. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(48)90389-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. KING M. K., WOOD W. B., Jr Studies on the pathogenesis of fever. IV. The site of action of leucocytic and circulating endogenous pyrogen. J Exp Med. 1958 Feb 1;107(2):291–303. doi: 10.1084/jem.107.2.291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. KNAPP A. Uber die Papierelektrophorese des Liquor cerebrospinalis. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol. 1955;201(5):446–477. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. KRAUTWALD A., KOLMAR D. Zur Frage des Ubertritts von antibiotisch wirksamen Substanzen in das Zentralnervensystem. Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1953 Dec 15;8(24):1126–1133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Kabat E. A., Moore D. H., Landow H. AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF THE PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE SERUM PROTEINS. J Clin Invest. 1942 Sep;21(5):571–577. doi: 10.1172/JCI101335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. LAMBERS Uber die Permeabilität der Blutliquorschranke bei tuberkulöser Meningitis. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1954 Feb;102(2):77–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. LEMMEN L. J., NEWMAN N. A., DEJONG R. N. Study of cerebrospinal fluid proteins with paper electrophoresis. I. A review of literature. Med Bull (Ann Arbor) 1957 Jan;23(1):3–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. LEPPER M. H., DOWLING H. F. Treatment of pneumococcic meningitis with penicillin compared with penicillin plus aureomycin; studies including observations on an apparent antagonism between penicillin and aureomycin. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1951 Oct;88(4):489–494. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1951.03810100073006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. LEPPER M. H., SPIES H. W. Treatment of pneumococcic meningitis; results when penicillin was used alone compared with those when penicillin and streptomycin were used together, with and without hydrocortisone: alternate patient studies. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1959 Aug;104(2):253–259. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1959.00270080079010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. LUTTRELL C. N., FINBERG L., DRAWDY L. P. Hemorrhagic encephalopathy induced by hypernatremia. II. Experimental observations on hyperosmolarity in cats. Arch Neurol. 1959 Aug;1:153–160. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1959.03840020027005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Lamar R. V. CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LOCALIZED INFECTIONS : FOURTH PAPER: EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCIC MENINGITIS AND ITS SPECIFIC TREATMENT. J Exp Med. 1912 Nov 1;16(5):581–606. doi: 10.1084/jem.16.5.581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Linder G. C., Carmichael E. A. The chlorides and inorganic constituents of the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. Biochem J. 1928;22(1):46–50. doi: 10.1042/bj0220046. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Loebel R. O., Shorr E., Richardson H. B. The Influence of Foodstuffs upon the Respiratory Metabolism and Growth of Human Tubercle Bacilli. J Bacteriol. 1933 Aug;26(2):139–166. doi: 10.1128/jb.26.2.139-166.1933. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. MADONICK M. J., SAVITSKY N. Spinal fluid sugar in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1948 Jul;108(1):45–53. doi: 10.1097/00005053-194810810-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. MATIAR H., SCHMIDT C. Die Veränderungen der Liquorproteine bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen der Meningen. Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd. 1957;176(2):200–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Manwaring W. H. THE EFFECTS OF SUBDURAL INJECTIONS OF LEUCOCYTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS. J Exp Med. 1912 Jan 1;15(1):1–13. doi: 10.1084/jem.15.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. PENNELL W. H. Boeck's sarcoid with involvement of the central nervous system. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1951 Dec;66(6):728–737. doi: 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1951.02320120061008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. PETERSDORF R. G., BENNETT I. L., Jr The experimental approach to the mechanism of fever. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1959 Jun;103(6):991–1001. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1959.00270060143021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. PETERSDORF R. G., GARCIA M., SWARNER D. R. Mechanism of hypoglycorrhachia in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1959 Oct-Dec;102:669–672. doi: 10.3181/00379727-102-25356. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. RABE E. F., CURNEN E. C. The occurrence of lysozyme in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of infants and children. J Pediatr. 1951 Feb;38(2):147–153. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(51)80101-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. REDFEARN J. W. T., ELITHORN A. Penicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet. 1949 Oct 8;2(6580):652–657. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(49)91282-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. RIBBLE J. C., BRAUDE A. I. ACTH and adrenal steroids in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in adults. Am J Med. 1958 Jan;24(1):68–79. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(58)90363-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. ROWLEY D. A. The formation of circulating antibody in the splenectomized human being following intravenous injection of heterologous erythrocytes. J Immunol. 1950 Nov;65(5):515–521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Rammelkamp C. H., Keefer C. S. THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF PENICILLIN. J Clin Invest. 1943 May;22(3):425–437. doi: 10.1172/JCI101412. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Rosenberg D. H., Sylvester J. C. THE EXCRETION OF PENICILLIN IN THE SPINAL FLUID IN MENINGITIS. Science. 1944 Aug 11;100(2589):132–133. doi: 10.1126/science.100.2589.132. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. SMITH C. H., ERLANDSON M., SCHULMAN I., STERN G. Hazard of severe infections in splenectomized infants and children. Am J Med. 1957 Mar;22(3):390–404. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(57)90095-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. SMITH H. V., TAYLOR L. M., HUNTER G. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in tuberculous meningitis and allied conditions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1955 Nov;18(4):237–249. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.18.4.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. SMITH H. V., VOLLUM R. L. Effects of intrathecal tuberculin and streptomycin in tuberculous meningitis; an interim report. Lancet. 1950 Aug 19;2(6625):275–286. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(50)91232-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. SPIVACK A. P., EISENBERG G. M., WEISS W., FLIPPIN H. F. Klebsiella meningitis. Am J Med. 1957 Jun;22(6):865–871. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(57)90022-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. STRANGE L. F. Metastatic carcinoma to the leptomeninges. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1952;56(77TH):181–186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. SWITHINBANK J., SMITH H. V., VOLLUM R. L. The intrathecal tuberculin reaction. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1953 Apr;65(2):565–596. doi: 10.1002/path.1700650229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Stewart F. W. LOCAL SPECIFIC THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS : I. EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN RABBITS. J Exp Med. 1927 Aug 31;46(3):391–407. doi: 10.1084/jem.46.3.391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Stewart F. W. LOCAL SPECIFIC THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS : II. THE PRODUCTION, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF TYPE I PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN DOGS. J Exp Med. 1927 Aug 31;46(3):409–427. doi: 10.1084/jem.46.3.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Stewart F. W. LOCAL SPECIFIC THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS : III. INCIDENTAL MYELITIS, ABSCESS, AND ORGANIZATION OF EXUDATES. J Exp Med. 1928 Jan 1;47(1):1–7. doi: 10.1084/jem.47.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Stewart F. W. LOCAL SPECIFIC THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS : IV. TYPE II PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN DOGS. J Exp Med. 1928 Mar 31;47(4):515–530. doi: 10.1084/jem.47.4.515. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Stillman E., Swift H. F. THE EFFECT OF IRRITATION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE MENINGES FOR SALVARSAN. J Exp Med. 1915 Sep 1;22(3):286–291. doi: 10.1084/jem.22.3.286. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. TAYLOR L. M., SMITH H. V., HUNTER G. The blood-C.S.F. barrier to bromide in diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Lancet. 1954 Apr 3;266(6814):700–702. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(54)92108-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. THOMPSON A. J., WILLIAMS E. B., WILLIAMS E. D., ANDERSON J. M. Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis; review of the literature and report of a case with bacteremia and pneumonia, with recovery. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1952 Mar;89(3):405–420. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1952.00240030054006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. TRIBIANO C. W. Four recurrent attacks of pneumococcus meningitis with recovery. J Pediatr. 1953 May;42(5):609–611. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(53)80141-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. WAGNER H. N., Jr, BENNETT I. L., Jr, LASAGNA L., CLUFF L. E., ROSENTHAL M. B., MIRICK G. S. The effect of hydrocortisone upon the course of pneumococcal pneumonia treated with penicillin. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1956 Mar;98(3):197–215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. WASZ-HOCKERT O., BRANDER E., PAATELA M. Reduced concentration of cerebrospinal fluid glucose in tuberculous meningitis; experimental studies. Ann Paediatr Fenn. 1956;2(4):320–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. WEINSTEIN L., GOLDFIELD M., ADAMIS D. A study of intrathecal chemotherapy in bacterial meningitis. Med Clin North Am. 1953 Sep;1:1363–1378. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)34955-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. WELLMAN W. E., DODGE H. W., Jr, HEILMAN F. R., PETERSEN M. C. Concentration of antibiotics in the brain. J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Feb;43(2):275–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. WELLMAN W. E., DODGE H. W., Jr, PETERSEN M. C., HEILMAN F. R. Concentration of tetracycline in the serum and spinal fluid following intramuscular administration. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1955 Jun 29;30(13):301–304. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. WILSON G., RUPP C., WILSON W. W. The dangers of intrathecal medication. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Jul 30;140(13):1076–1079. doi: 10.1001/jama.1949.02900480006002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. WOOD W. B., Jr, SMITH M. R. An experimental analysis of the curative action of penicillin in acute bacterial infections. I. The relationship of bacterial growth rates to the antimicrobial effect of penicillin. J Exp Med. 1956 Apr 1;103(4):487–498. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.4.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Wollstein M. SERUM TREATMENT OF INFLUENZAL MENINGITIS. J Exp Med. 1911 Jul 1;14(1):73–82. doi: 10.1084/jem.14.1.73. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Wright S. L., Herr E. F., Paul J. R. THE OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN SUPPURATIVE MENINGITIS, AND ITS LACTIC ACID, SUGAR, AND CHLORIDE CONTENT. J Clin Invest. 1930 Dec;9(3):443–461. doi: 10.1172/JCI100316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine are provided here courtesy of Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine

RESOURCES