Abstract
Nontropical pyomyositis in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an unusual entity with only a few cases having been described in the United States. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism implicated. The infection usually presents in a subacute indolent fashion with minimal inflammation. Fever and leukocytosis may be absent, and blood cultures are frequently negative. The diagnosis usually can be established by a combination of clinical features, computed tomography or ultrasound, and prompt examination of material obtained by aspiration or debridement. This article describes two cases of S aureus pyomyositis in patients with AIDS and reviews the literature relevant to this infection.
Full text
PDF




Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ajao O. G., Ajao A. O. Tropical pyomyositis. Int Surg. 1982 Oct-Dec;67(4 Suppl):414–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anand A. C., Narayanan V. A., Kalra A. S., Ray N., Ganguly S. B. Tropical pyomyositis with agammaglobulinaemia. J Assoc Physicians India. 1986 Oct;34(10):745–746. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Andrew J. G., Czyz W. M. Pyomyositis presenting as septic arthritis. A report of 2 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1988 Oct;59(5):587–588. doi: 10.3109/17453678809148792. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baldwin G. C., Gasson J. C., Quan S. G., Fleischmann J., Weisbart R., Oette D., Mitsuyasu R. T., Golde D. W. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances neutrophil function in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2763–2766. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blatt J., Reaman G., Pizzo P. A. Pyomyositis in acute lymphocytic leukemia heralded by cutaneous vasculitis: brief communication. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1979;7(3):237–239. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950070307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blumberg H. M., Stephens D. S. Pyomyositis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. South Med J. 1990 Sep;83(9):1092–1095. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199009000-00027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brasch R. C., Weinmann H. J., Wesbey G. E. Contrast-enhanced NMR imaging: animal studies using gadolinium-DTPA complex. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984 Mar;142(3):625–630. doi: 10.2214/ajr.142.3.625. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown J. D., Wheeler B. Pyomyositis. Report of 18 cases in Hawaii. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Sep;144(9):1749–1751. doi: 10.1001/archinte.144.9.1749. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Christin L., Sarosi G. A. Pyomyositis in North America: case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Oct;15(4):668–677. doi: 10.1093/clind/15.4.668. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eason R., Osbourne J., Ansford T., Stallman N., Forsyth J. R. Tropical pyomyositis in the Solomon Islands: clinical and aetiological features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Mar-Apr;83(2):275–278. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90678-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Engel D. Tropical pyomyositis, a thiamine-deficiency disease. Med Hypotheses. 1981 Mar;7(3):345–352. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(81)90071-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fanney D., Thomas L. C., Schwartz E. An outbreak of pyomyositis in a large refugee camp in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982 Jan;31(1):131–135. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaut P., Wong P. K., Meyer R. D. Pyomyositis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jul;148(7):1608–1610. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gibson R. K., Rosenthal S. J., Lukert B. P. Pyomyositis. Increasing recognition in temperate climates. Am J Med. 1984 Oct;77(4):768–772. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(84)90383-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gutiérrez J., Maroto M. C., Piédrola G. Granulocyte abnormalities in parenteral drug-addicts. The influence of HIV infection. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1989 Sep-Oct;17(5):251–255. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall R. L., Callaghan J. J., Moloney E., Martinez S., Harrelson J. M. Pyomyositis in a temperate climate. Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990 Sep;72(8):1240–1244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lazzarin A., Uberti Foppa C., Galli M., Mantovani A., Poli G., Franzetti F., Nóvati R. Impairment of polymorphonuclear leucocyte function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and with lymphadenopathy syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 1986 Jul;65(1):105–111. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marcus R. T., Foster W. D. Observations on the clinical features, aetiology and geographical distribution of pyomyositis in East Africa. East Afr Med J. 1968 Apr;45(4):167–176. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mitsuyasu R., Gale R. P. Bacterial pyomyositis in a patient with aplastic anaemia. Postgrad Med J. 1980 Jan;56(651):61–62. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.56.651.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murphy P. M., Lane H. C., Fauci A. S., Gallin J. I. Impairment of neutrophil bactericidal capacity in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1988 Sep;158(3):627–630. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.3.627. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pouchot J., Vinceneux P., Barge J., Laparre F., Boussougant Y., Michon C. Tuberculous polymyositis in HIV infection. Am J Med. 1990 Aug;89(2):250–251. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90311-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reid S. E., Jr, Nambisan R., Karakousis C. P. Pyomyositis: a differential diagnosis from sarcoma. J Surg Oncol. 1985 Jul;29(3):143–146. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930290302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roilides E., Walsh T. J., Pizzo P. A., Rubin M. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of normal and defective human neutrophils. J Infect Dis. 1991 Mar;163(3):579–583. doi: 10.1093/infdis/163.3.579. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartzman W. A., Lambertus M. W., Kennedy C. A., Goetz M. B. Staphylococcal pyomyositis in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1991 May;90(5):595–600. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor J. F., Templeton A. C., Henderson B. Pyomyositis. A clinico-pathological study based on 19 autopsy cases, Mulago Hospital 1964-1968. East Afr Med J. 1970 Oct;47(10):493–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsuda S., Sasai Y., Minami K., Nomoto K. Contribution of T cell-mediated immunity to the resistance to staphylococcal infection. J Invest Dermatol. 1978 Jun;70(6):345–347. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12543541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tucker R. E., Winter W. G., Del Valle C., Uematsu A., Libke R. Pyomyositis mimicking malignant tumor. Three case reports. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978 Jul;60(5):701–703. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watts R. A., Hoffbrand B. I., Paton D. F., Davis J. C. Pyomyositis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 Jun 13;294(6586):1524–1525. doi: 10.1136/bmj.294.6586.1524. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Widrow C. A., Kellie S. M., Saltzman B. R., Mathur-Wagh U. Pyomyositis in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: an unusual form of disseminated bacterial infection. Am J Med. 1991 Aug;91(2):129–136. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90004-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolf R. F., Sprenger H. G., Mooyaart E. L., Tamsma J. T., Kengen R. A., Weits J. Nontropical pyomyositis as a cause of subacute, multifocal myalgia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Nov;33(11):1728–1732. doi: 10.1002/art.1780331118. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


