Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1986 Aug;53(2):267–271. doi: 10.1128/iai.53.2.267-271.1986

Augmentation of host defense by a unicellular green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, to Escherichia coli infection.

K Tanaka, T Koga, F Konishi, M Nakamura, M Mitsuyama, K Himeno, K Nomoto
PMCID: PMC260869  PMID: 3015799

Abstract

Protection against Escherichia coli inoculated intraperitoneally into mice was enhanced by intraperitoneal, intravenous, or subcutaneous administration of a water-soluble, high-molecular-weight fraction extracted from a dialyzed hot-water extract from a strain of Chlorella vulgaris (CVE-A). The enhancing effect was detected with doses over 2.0 mg/kg and when doses were administered 1, 4, or 7 days before the infection. The elimination of bacteria from the spleen of CVE-A-treated mice was increased, and this enhanced elimination may have been related to the acceleration of superoxide generation and chemokinesis in polymorphonuclear leucocytes by CVE-A treatment. A cyclophosphamide-induced decrease in protection against E. coli could be prevented by subcutaneous administration of CVE-A.

Full text

PDF
267

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chapes S. K., Haskill S. Synergistic effect between neutrophils and Corynebacterium parvum in the process of macrophage activation. Cancer Res. 1984 Jan;44(1):31–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chirico G., Marconi M., Colombo A., Chiara A., Rondini G., Ugazio A. G. Deficiency of neutrophil phagocytosis in premature infants: effect of vitamin E supplementation. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1983 Jul;72(4):521–524. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09764.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Einhorn S., Jarstrand C. Functions of human neutrophilic granulocytes after in vivo exposure to interferon alpha. Infect Immun. 1984 Mar;43(3):1054–1057. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.3.1054-1057.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hamers M. N., Bot A. A., Weening R. S., Sips H. J., Roos D. Kinetics and mechanism of the bactericidal action of human neutrophils against Escherichia coli. Blood. 1984 Sep;64(3):635–641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Harvath L., Andersen B. R., Zander A. R., Epstein R. B. Combined pre-immunization and granulocyte transfusion therapy for treatment of pseudomonas septicemia in neutropenic dogs. J Lab Clin Med. 1976 May;87(5):840–847. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hemilä H., Wikström M. Retinoids activate superoxide production by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Scand J Immunol. 1985 Mar;21(3):227–234. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01425.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Konishi F., Tanaka K., Himeno K., Taniguchi K., Nomoto K. Antitumor effect induced by a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CE): resistance to Meth-A tumor growth mediated by CE-induced polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1985;19(2):73–78. doi: 10.1007/BF00199712. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Morikawa K., Kikuchi Y., Abe S., Yamazaki M., Mizuno D. Early cellular responses in the peritoneal cavity of mice to antitumor immunomodulators. Gan. 1984 Apr;75(4):370–378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nathan C. F., Cohn Z. A. Antitumor effects of hydrogen peroxide in vivo. J Exp Med. 1981 Nov 1;154(5):1539–1553. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.5.1539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Nathan C., Cohn Z. Role of oxygen-dependent mechanisms in antibody-induced lysis of tumor cells by activated macrophages. J Exp Med. 1980 Jul 1;152(1):198–208. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.1.198. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Passo S. A., Weiss S. J. Oxidative mechanisms utilized by human neutrophils to destroy Escherichia coli. Blood. 1984 Jun;63(6):1361–1368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Peterson P. K., Gekker G., Shapiro R., Freiberg M., Keane W. F. Polyamino acid enhancement of bacterial phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Infect Immun. 1984 Feb;43(2):561–566. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.2.561-566.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Shah S. V., Wallin J. D., Cruz F. C. Impaired oxidative metabolism by leukocytes from renal transplant recipients: a potential mechanism for the increased susceptibility to infection. Clin Nephrol. 1984 Feb;21(2):89-90, 91-2. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Tanaka K., Konishi F., Himeno K., Taniguchi K., Nomoto K. Augmentation of antitumor resistance by a strain of unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1984;17(2):90–94. doi: 10.1007/BF00200042. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tatsukawa K., Mitsuyama M., Takeya K., Nomoto K. Differing contribution of polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages to protection of mice against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Gen Microbiol. 1979 Nov;115(1):161–166. doi: 10.1099/00221287-115-1-161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Thorner R. E., Barker C. F., MacGregor R. R. Improvement of granulocyte adherence and in vivo granulocyte delivery by ascorbic acid in renal transplant patients. Transplantation. 1983 May;35(5):432–436. doi: 10.1097/00007890-198305000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Tsuru S., Nomoto K., Mitsuyama M., Zinnaka Y., Takeya K. Importance of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in protection of mice against Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol. 1981 Feb;122(2):335–338. doi: 10.1099/00221287-122-2-335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Winston D. J., Ho W. G., Young L. S., Gale R. P. Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during human bone marrow transplantation. Am J Med. 1980 Jun;68(6):893–897. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90223-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Zigmond S. H., Hirsch J. G. Leukocyte locomotion and chemotaxis. New methods for evaluation, and demonstration of a cell-derived chemotactic factor. J Exp Med. 1973 Feb 1;137(2):387–410. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.2.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES