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. 1985 Jun;48(3):713–719. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.3.713-719.1985

Complement activation and attack on autologous cell membranes induced by streptolysin-O.

S Bhakdi, J Tranum-Jensen
PMCID: PMC261238  PMID: 3997244

Abstract

Streptolysin-O damages mammalian membranes through generation of large transmembrane channels formed by membrane-inserted polymers of the toxin (S. Bhakdi et al., Infect. Immun. 47:52-60, 1985). We here report that the native toxin binds naturally occurring human serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to form immune complexes with potent complement-activating capacity. Nanomolar concentrations of toxin added to antibody-containing serum cause rapid consumption of C4 and C5 hemolytic activity and 30 to 90% C3 conversion within 10 to 60 min at 37 degrees C. After binding to target membranes, streptolysin-O polymers serve as foci for antibody-dependent complement activation, which proceeds to completion with the formation of terminal C5b-9 complexes on the autologous cells. The binding and insertion of a primarily water-soluble bacterial product into a host cell membrane has thus been shown to generate a stable and hyperactive focus for activation of and self-attack by the complement system. We suggest that this process perpetuates local tissue damage, deviates host complement action away from the invading bacteria, and may possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of poststreptococcal disease.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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