Skip to main content
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1984 Dec;46(3):703–709. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.703-709.1984

Effect of peroral immunization of humans with Streptococcus mutans on induction of salivary and serum antibodies and inhibition of experimental infection.

M F Cole, C G Emilson, S D Hsu, S H Li, W H Bowen
PMCID: PMC261601  PMID: 6389359

Abstract

Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans whole cells were assayed in whole saliva, parotid saliva, and blood samples collected from eight human volunteers. The levels and serotypes of indigenous S. mutans in plaque and whole saliva samples were also determined. After baseline sampling the teeth were cleaned and the subjects were inoculated with streptomycin-resistant S. mutans strains Ingbritt (serotype c) and OMZ65 (serotype g). The level of implantation and duration of colonization were determined in plaque and saliva, and antibodies reactive with these strains were monitored in saliva and serum. After the implanted bacteria were shed, the subjects wee immunized by the daily ingestion of an enteric-coated capsule containing 25 mg of Formalin-killed, freeze-dried OMZ65 cells for 3 days and inoculation was repeated. The levels of antibodies and of implantation and the duration of colonization were monitored as before. One month after the bacteria could no longer be detected, the immunization and inoculation cycle was repeated except that the subjects were immunized for 7 days. Five of the eight subjects were successfully colonized by strains Ingbritt and OMZ65. The remaining three did not become colonized with either strain. Strain OMZ65 implanted at a higher level than did strain Ingbritt. Oral immunization did not result in a detectable antibody response in saliva or serum to whole bacterial cells. However, after both the first and second immunizations there were marked reductions in the peak levels of infection and the duration of colonization of both OMZ65 and Ingbritt.

Full text

PDF
703

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arnold R. R., Mestecky J., McGhee J. R. Naturally occurring secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies to Streptococcus mutans in human colostrum and saliva. Infect Immun. 1976 Aug;14(2):355–362. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.2.355-362.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bratthall D. Demonstration of five serological groups of streptococcal strains resembling Streptococcus mutans. Odontol Revy. 1970;21(2):143–152. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cebra J. J., Gearhart P. J., Kamat R., Robertson S. M., Tseng J. Origin and differentiation of lymphocytes involved in the secretory IgA responses. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1977;41(Pt 1):201–215. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1977.041.01.026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cole M. F., Hsu S. D., Baum B. J., Bowen W. H., Sierra L. I., Aquirre M., Gillespie G. Specific and nonspecific immune factors in dental plaque fluid and saliva from young and old populations. Infect Immun. 1981 Mar;31(3):998–1002. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.3.998-1002.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Craig S. W., Cebra J. J. Peyer's patches: an enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit. J Exp Med. 1971 Jul 1;134(1):188–200. doi: 10.1084/jem.134.1.188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Egan W., Liu T. Y., Dorow D., Cohen J. S., Robbins J. D., Gotschlich E. C., Robbins J. B. Structural studies on the sialic acid polysaccharide antigen of Escherichia coli strain Bos-12. Biochemistry. 1977 Aug 9;16(16):3687–3692. doi: 10.1021/bi00635a028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gahnberg L., Krasse B. Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies and recovery from challenge of Streptococcus mutans after oral administration of Streptococcus mutans vaccine in humans. Infect Immun. 1983 Feb;39(2):514–519. doi: 10.1128/iai.39.2.514-519.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gahnberg L., Krasse B. Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies reacting with antigens from oral streptococci: longitudinal study in humans. Infect Immun. 1981 Sep;33(3):697–703. doi: 10.1128/iai.33.3.697-703.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Genco R. J., Taubman M. A. Secretory gamma-A antibodies induced by local immunization. Nature. 1969 Feb 15;221(5181):679–681. doi: 10.1038/221679a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gold O. G., Jordan H. V., Van Houte J. A selective medium for Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 1973 Nov;18(11):1357–1364. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(73)90109-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldblum R. M., Ahlstedt S., Carlsson B., Hanson L. A., Jodal U., Lidin-Janson G., Sohl-Akerlund A. Antibody-forming cells in human colostrum after oral immunisation. Nature. 1975 Oct 30;257(5529):797–798. doi: 10.1038/257797a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hamada S., Slade H. D. Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Rev. 1980 Jun;44(2):331–384. doi: 10.1128/mr.44.2.331-384.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. JORDAN H. V., FITZGERALD R. J., BOWLER A. E. Inhibition of experimental caries by sodium metabisulfite and its effect on the growth and metabolism of selected bacteria. J Dent Res. 1960 Jan-Feb;39:116–123. doi: 10.1177/00220345600390010501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McGhee J. R., Michalek S. M. Immunobiology of dental caries: microbial aspects and local immunity. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1981;35:595–638. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.35.100181.003115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McGhee, Michalek S. M., Webb J., Navia J. M., Rahman A. F., Legler D. W. Effective immunity to dental caries: protection of gnotobiotic rats by local immunization with Streptococcus mutans. J Immunol. 1975 Jan;114(1 Pt 2):300–305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mestecky J., McGhee J. R., Arnold R. R., Michalek S. M., Prince S. J., Babb J. L. Selective induction of an immune response in human external secretions by ingestion of bacterial antigen. J Clin Invest. 1978 Mar;61(3):731–737. doi: 10.1172/JCI108986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Michalek S. M., McGhee J. R., Mestecky J., Arnold R. R., Bozzo L. Ingestion of Streptococcus mutans induces secretory immunoglobulin A and caries immunity. Science. 1976 Jun 18;192(4245):1238–1240. doi: 10.1126/science.1273589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Perch B., Kjems E., Ravn T. Biochemical and serological properties of Streptococcus mutans from various human and animal sources. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol. 1974 Jun;82(3):357–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02338.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rundell B. B., Thomson L. A., Loesche W. J., Stiles H. M. Evaluation of a new transport medium for the preservation of oral streptococci. Arch Oral Biol. 1973 Jul;18(7):871–878. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(73)90057-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schaeffer M. E., Rhodes M., Prince S., Michalek S. M., McGhee J. R. A plastic intraoral device for the collection of human parotid saliva. J Dent Res. 1977 Jul;56(7):728–733. doi: 10.1177/00220345770560070401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Talbman M. A., Smith D. J. Effects of local immunization with Streptococcus mutans on induction of salivary immunoglobulin A antibody and experimental dental caries in rats. Infect Immun. 1974 Jun;9(6):1079–1091. doi: 10.1128/iai.9.6.1079-1091.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Thomson L. A., Little W. A., Bowen W. H., Sierra L. I., Aguirrer M., Gillespie G. Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans serotypes, Actinomyces, and other bacteria in the plaque of children. J Dent Res. 1980 Oct;59(10):1581–1589. doi: 10.1177/00220345800590100501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thomson L. A., Little W., Hageage G. J. Application of fluorescent antibody methods in the analysis of plaque samples. J Dent Res. 1976 Jan;55:A80–A86. doi: 10.1177/002203457605500126011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Walker J. Antibody responses of monkeys to oral and local immunization with Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun. 1981 Jan;31(1):61–70. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.1.61-70.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. van Houte J. Bacterial specificity in the etiology of dental caries. Int Dent J. 1980 Dec;30(4):305–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES