Abstract
An update of the state of the art of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment of genitourinary tract cancer is described in this multi-part series. Included in the review are cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate, testicle, ovary, uterus, vulva, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Part 2 focuses on Wilms' tumor and bladder cancer.
Major advances have been made in the control of Wilms' tumor in children. The combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have significantly improved survival rates. Likewise, the early diagnosis and control of bladder cancer has also improved survival. Surgery predominates among the treatment modalities for carcinoma of the bladder. Important progress is being made in the control of these conditions, as well as with other tumors of the genitourinary tract, with the use of cancer chemotherapy.
Full text
PDF












Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ahmed T., Yagoda A., Needles B., Scher H. I., Watson R. C., Geller N. Vinblastine and methotrexate for advanced bladder cancer. J Urol. 1985 Apr;133(4):602–604. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49106-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Al-Sarraf M., Frank J., Smith J. A., Jr, O'Bryan R. M., Costanzi J. J., Stephens R. L., Caraveo J., Crawford E. D. Phase II trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) versus amsacrine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985 Feb;69(2):189–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BATEMAN J. C. Chemotherapy of solid tumors with triethylene thiophosphoramide. N Engl J Med. 1955 May 26;252(21):879–887. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195505262522101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bloom H. J., Hendry W. F., Wallace D. M., Skeet R. G. Treatment of T3 bladder cancer: controlled trial of pre-operative radiotherapy and radical cystectomy versus radical radiotherapy. Br J Urol. 1982 Apr;54(2):136–151. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13537.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borden E. C., Groveman D. S., Nasu T., Reznikoff C., Bryan G. T. Antiproliferative activities of interferons against human bladder carcinoma cell lines in vitro. J Urol. 1984 Oct;132(4):800–803. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49877-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carter S. K., Wasserman T. H. The chemotherapy of urologic cancer. Cancer. 1975 Aug;36(2):729–747. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197508)36:2+<729::aid-cncr2820360818>3.0.co;2-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- D'Angio G. J., Evans A. E., Breslow N., Beckwith B., Bishop H., Feigl P., Goodwin W., Leape L. L., Sinks L. F., Sutow W. The treatment of Wilms' tumor: Results of the national Wilms' tumor study. Cancer. 1976 Aug;38(2):633–646. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197608)38:2<633::aid-cncr2820380203>3.0.co;2-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- D'Angio G. J. Oncology seen through the prism of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1985;13(2):53–58. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950130202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- D'Angio G. J. Unexpected toxicity encountered in the National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1987 Oct;71(10):993–993. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FARBER S., PINKEL D., SEARS E. M., TOCH R. Advances in chemotherapy of cancer in man. Adv Cancer Res. 1956;4:1–71. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60721-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FARBER S. Some observations on the effect of folic acid antagonists on acute leukemia and other forms of incurable cancer. Blood. 1949 Feb;4(2):160–167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farber S. Chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia and Wilms' tumor. JAMA. 1966 Nov 21;198(8):826–836. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSS R. E., NEUHAUSER E. B. D. Treatment of mixed tumors of the kidney in childhood. Pediatrics. 1950 Dec;6(6):843–852. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gad-el-Mawla N. M., Muggia F. M., Hamza M. R., El-Morsi B., Sherif M., Mansour M. A., Khafagy M., El-Sebai I. T. Chemotherapeutic management of carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder: a phase II trial with hexamethylmelamine and VM-26. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Jul;62(7):993–996. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gagliano R., Levin H., El-Bolkainy M. N., Wilson H. E., Stephens R. L., Fletcher W. S., Rivkin S. E., O'Bryan R. M., Coltman C. A., Jr, Saiki J. H. Adriamycin versus adriamycin plus cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) in advanced transitional cell bladder carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Am J Clin Oncol. 1983 Apr;6(2):215–218. doi: 10.1097/00000421-198304000-00014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green D. M., Jaffe N. Wilms' tumor--model of a curable pediatric malignant solid tumor. Cancer Treat Rev. 1978 Sep;5(3):143–172. doi: 10.1016/s0305-7372(78)80018-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harker W. G., Meyers F. J., Freiha F. S., Palmer J. M., Shortliffe L. D., Hannigan J. F., McWhirter K. M., Torti F. M. Cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (CMV): an effective chemotherapy regimen for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. A Northern California Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1985 Nov;3(11):1463–1470. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.11.1463. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hicks R. M., Chowaniec J. Experimental induction, histology, and ultrastructure of hyperplasia and neoplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium. Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1978;18:199–280. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JONES H. C., SWINNEY J. Thiotepa in the treatment of tumours of the bladder. Lancet. 1961 Sep 16;2(7203):615–618. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(61)90304-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koontz W. W., Jr, Prout G. R., Jr, Smith W., Frable W. J., Minnis J. E. The use of intravesical thio-tepa in the management of non-invasive carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 1981 Mar;125(3):307–312. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55018-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ladd W. E. EMBRYOMA OF THE KIDNEY (WILMS' TUMOR). Ann Surg. 1938 Nov;108(5):885–902. doi: 10.1097/00000658-193811000-00010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lattimer J. K., Conway G. F. The place of surgery in Wilms' tumors. JAMA. 1968 Jun 10;204(11):985–986. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Logothetis C. J., Samuels M. L., Ogden S., Dexeus F. H., Swanson D., Johnson D. E., von Eschenbach A. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced urothelial tumors with or without nodal metastases. J Urol. 1985 Sep;134(3):460–464. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47240-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARSHALL V. F. The relation of the preoperative estimate to the pathologic demonstration of the extent of vesical neoplasms. J Urol. 1952 Oct;68(4):714–723. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)68271-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meyers F. J., Palmer J. M., Freiha F. S., Harker E. G., Shortliffe L. D., Hannigan J., McWhirter K., Torti F. M. The fate of the bladder in patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine: a Northern California Oncology Group study. J Urol. 1985 Dec;134(6):1118–1121. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47651-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller L. S. Bladder cancer: superiority of preoperative irradiation and cystectomy in clinical stages B2 and C. Cancer. 1977 Feb;39(2 Suppl):973–980. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197702)39:2+<973::aid-cncr2820390737>3.0.co;2-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Natale R. B., Yagoda A., Watson R. C., Whitmore W. F., Blumenreich M., Braun D. W., Jr Methotrexate: an active drug in bladder cancer. Cancer. 1981 Mar 15;47(6):1246–1250. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19810315)47:6<1246::aid-cncr2820470603>3.0.co;2-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Page B. H., Levison V. B., Curwen M. P. The site of recurrence of non-infiltrating bladder tumours. Br J Urol. 1978 Jun;50(4):237–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1978.tb02816.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pizza G., Severini G., Menniti D., De Vinci C., Corrado F. Tumour regression after intralesional injection of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in bladder cancer. Preliminary report. Int J Cancer. 1984 Sep 15;34(3):359–367. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910340312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prout G. R., Jr The surgical management of bladder carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am. 1976 Feb;3(1):149–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartz S., Yagoda A., Natale R. B., Watson R. C., Whitmore W. F., Lesser M. Phase II trial of sequentially administered cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin for urothelial tract tumors. J Urol. 1983 Oct;130(4):681–684. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)51401-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skinner D. G., Tift J. P., Kaufman J. J. High dose, short course preoperative radiation therapy and immediate single stage radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection in the management of bladder cancer. J Urol. 1982 Apr;127(4):671–674. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53986-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Slack N. H., Bross I. D., Prout G. R., Jr Five-year follow-up results of a collaborative study of therapies for carcinoma of the bladder. J Surg Oncol. 1977;9(4):393–405. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930090410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soloway M. S., Einstein A., Corder M. P., Bonney W., Prout G. R., Jr, Coombs J. A comparison of cisplatin and the combination of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced urothelial cancer. A National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A Study. Cancer. 1983 Sep 1;52(5):767–772. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19830901)52:5<767::aid-cncr2820520502>3.0.co;2-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sternberg C. N., Yagoda A., Scher H. I., Watson R. C., Ahmed T., Weiselberg L. R., Geller N., Hollander P. S., Herr H. W., Sogani P. C. Preliminary results of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. J Urol. 1985 Mar;133(3):403–407. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)48996-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sullivan M. P., Sutow W. W., Cangir A., Taylor G. Vincristine sulfate in management of Wilms' tumor. Replacement of preoperative irradiation by chemotherapy. JAMA. 1967 Oct 30;202(5):381–384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VEENEMA R. J., DEAN A. L., Jr, ROBERTS M., FINGERHUT B., CHOWHURY B. K., TARASSOLY H. Bladder carcinoma treated by direct instillation of thio-TEPA. J Urol. 1962 Jul;88:60–63. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)64739-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vietti T. J., Sullivan M. P., Haggard M. E., Holcomb T. M., Berry D. H. Vincristine sulfate and radiation therapy in metastatic Wilms' tumor. Cancer. 1970 Jan;25(1):12–20. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197001)25:1<12::aid-cncr2820250104>3.0.co;2-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILSON W. L. Chemotherapy of human solid tumors with 5-fluorouracil. Cancer. 1960 Nov-Dec;13:1230–1239. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(196011/12)13:6<1230::aid-cncr2820130612>3.0.co;2-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wright J. C. Cancer chemotherapy: past, present, and future--Part I. J Natl Med Assoc. 1984 Aug;76(8):773–784. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wynder E. L., Goldsmith R. The epidemiology of bladder cancer: a second look. Cancer. 1977 Sep;40(3):1246–1268. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197709)40:3<1246::aid-cncr2820400340>3.0.co;2-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yagoda A. Chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer. Semin Urol. 1983 Feb;1(1):60–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van der Werf-Messing B. H. Cancer of the urinary bladder treated by interstitial radium implant. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1978 May-Jun;4(5-6):373–378. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(78)90065-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
