Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1993 Mar;31(3):494–501. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.3.494-501.1993

Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in saliva and plasma by cultivation and polymerase chain reaction.

D Matteucci 1, F Baldinotti 1, P Mazzetti 1, M Pistello 1, P Bandecchi 1, R Ghilarducci 1, A Poli 1, F Tozzini 1, M Bendinelli 1
PMCID: PMC262808  PMID: 8384624

Abstract

The rates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolation from saliva, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infected cats were compared; isolation rates were 18, 14, and 81%, respectively, in naturally infected cats and 25, 57, and 100%, respectively, in experimentally infected animals. There was no obvious relationship between isolation rate and clinical stage or between isolation rate and the titer of neutralizing antibody in serum. Virus could be isolated from one salivary gland as early as 1 week postinfection and, on a more regular basis, starting at 3 weeks postinfection, when, however, most other tissues were also positive. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that FIV genomes are present in saliva and plasma more frequently than expected on the basis of isolation data. Saliva was also found to contain viral DNA, indicating that it may harbor virus-infected cells as well as free virus. The addition of plasma but not of saliva to PBMC cultures delayed FIV growth. Isolation from plasma may be hampered by FIV neutralizing antibody and by the cytotoxic activity of this fluid for the PBMC used as a cell substrate.

Full text

PDF
494

Images in this article

497Image
on p.497

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bagnarelli P., Menzo S., Manzin A., Giacca M., Varaldo P. E., Clementi M. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA in plasma samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol. 1991 Jun;34(2):89–95. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890340204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bandecchi P., Matteucci D., Baldinotti F., Guidi G., Abramo F., Tozzini F., Bendinelli M. Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and other retroviral infections in sick cats in Italy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1992 Mar;31(3-4):337–345. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90020-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Clark S. J., Saag M. S., Decker W. D., Campbell-Hill S., Roberson J. L., Veldkamp P. J., Kappes J. C., Hahn B. H., Shaw G. M. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):954–960. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199104043241404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Coombs R. W., Collier A. C., Allain J. P., Nikora B., Leuther M., Gjerset G. F., Corey L. Plasma viremia in human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 14;321(24):1626–1631. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912143212402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Daar E. S., Moudgil T., Meyer R. D., Ho D. D. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):961–964. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199104043241405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ehrnst A., Sönnerborg A., Bergdahl S., Strannegård O. Efficient isolation of HIV from plasma during different stages of HIV infection. J Med Virol. 1988 Sep;26(1):23–32. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890260105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fox P. C., Wolff A., Yeh C. K., Atkinson J. C., Baum B. J. Salivary inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity: functional properties and distribution in men, women, and children. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989 Jun;118(6):709–711. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1989.0165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fultz P. N. Components of saliva inactivate human immunodeficiency virus. Lancet. 1986 Nov 22;2(8517):1215–1215. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92218-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goto Y., Yeh C. K., Notkins A. L., Prabhakar B. S. Detection of proviral sequences in saliva of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991 Mar;7(3):343–347. doi: 10.1089/aid.1991.7.343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Groopman J. E., Salahuddin S. Z., Sarngadharan M. G., Markham P. D., Gonda M., Sliski A., Gallo R. C. HTLV-III in saliva of people with AIDS-related complex and healthy homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):447–449. doi: 10.1126/science.6093247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Levy J. A., Greenspan D. HIV in saliva. Lancet. 1988 Nov 26;2(8622):1248–1248. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90835-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lewis D. E., Yoffe B., Bosworth C. G., Hollinger F. B., Rich R. R. Human immunodeficiency virus-induced pathology favored by cellular transmission and activation. FASEB J. 1988 Mar 1;2(3):251–255. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2.3.2965047. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ottmann M., Innocenti P., Thenadey M., Micoud M., Pelloquin F., Seigneurin J. M. The polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HIV-1 genomic RNA in plasma from infected individuals. J Virol Methods. 1991 Feb-Mar;31(2-3):273–283. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90165-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pekovic D., Ajdukovic D., Tsoukas C., Lapointe N., Michaud J., Gilmore N., Gornitsky M. Detection of human immunosuppressive virus in salivary lymphocytes from dental patients with AIDS. Am J Med. 1987 Jan;82(1):188–189. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90416-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Poli A., Giannelli C., Pistello M., Zaccaro L., Pieracci D., Bendinelli M., Malvaldi G. Detection of salivary antibodies in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Aug;30(8):2038–2041. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.8.2038-2041.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pourtois M., Binet C., Van Tieghem N., Courtois P. R., Vandenabbeele A., Thirty L. Saliva can contribute in quick inhibition of HIV infectivity. AIDS. 1991 May;5(5):598–600. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tozzini F., Matteucci D., Bandecchi P., Baldinotti F., Poli A., Pistello M., Siebelink K. H., Ceccherini-Nelli L., Bendinelli M. Simple in vitro methods for titrating feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and FIV neutralizing antibodies. J Virol Methods. 1992 Jun;37(3):241–252. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90026-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Yamamoto J. K., Hansen H., Ho E. W., Morishita T. Y., Okuda T., Sawa T. R., Nakamura R. M., Pedersen N. C. Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats from the continental United States and Canada and possible mode of transmission. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989 Jan 15;194(2):213–220. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Yamamoto J. K., Sparger E., Ho E. W., Andersen P. R., O'Connor T. P., Mandell C. P., Lowenstine L., Munn R., Pedersen N. C. Pathogenesis of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. Am J Vet Res. 1988 Aug;49(8):1246–1258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES