Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1994 Jan;32(1):121–126. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.121-126.1994

Epidemiological study of Norwalk virus infections in Japan and Southeast Asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with Norwalk virus capsid protein produced by the baculovirus expression system.

K Numata 1, S Nakata 1, X Jiang 1, M K Estes 1, S Chiba 1
PMCID: PMC262980  PMID: 8126165

Abstract

In this study, we investigated Norwalk virus (NV) antigen and antibody to recombinant NV (rNV) in human populations in Japan and Southeast Asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Baculovirus-expressed recombinant NV (rNV) capsid protein was used for preparing antisera to rNV or used as an antigen for detecting antibody to rNV. The ELISAs were specific for NV and had sensitivities equivalent to or higher than those of the previously developed radioimmunoassays. In 159 stool samples obtained from children, mainly younger than 10 years old, with acute gastroenteritis due to small round structured viruses in Japan, only 1 was positive for NV antigen. The pattern of acquisition of antibody to rNV was quite different from those of antibodies to group A rotavirus and human calicivirus Sapporo (HuCV-Sa) strain. The prevalence of antibody to rNV remained at a low level throughout childhood and then showed a steep rise during school age and early adulthood in Japan. A high prevalence of antibody was observed in samples collected from healthy adults in Japan and Southeast Asia. These results suggested that NV infection is common in adults in Japan and Southeast Asia but may be rare in infants in Japan. The HuCV-Sa strain was negative by the ELISA, and no serological relationship between NV and the HuCV-Sa strain was found. NV may be quite different from the HuCV-Sa strain, although both viruses are classified in the family Caliciviridae.

Full text

PDF
121

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chiba S., Nakata S., Nakamura I., Taniguchi K., Urasawa S., Fujinaga K., Nakao T. Outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis due to type 40 adenovirus. Lancet. 1983 Oct 22;2(8356):954–957. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90463-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cubitt W. D., Blacklow N. R., Herrmann J. E., Nowak N. A., Nakata S., Chiba S. Antigenic relationships between human caliciviruses and Norwalk virus. J Infect Dis. 1987 Nov;156(5):806–814. doi: 10.1093/infdis/156.5.806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cubitt W. D., McSwiggan D. A. Seroepidemiological survey of the prevalence of antibodies to a strain of human calicivirus. J Med Virol. 1987 Apr;21(4):361–368. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890210408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gary G. W., Jr, Kaplan J. E., Stine S. E., Anderson L. J. Detection of Norwalk virus antibodies and antigen with a biotin-avidin immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Aug;22(2):274–278. doi: 10.1128/jcm.22.2.274-278.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gray J. J., Jiang X., Morgan-Capner P., Desselberger U., Estes M. K. Prevalence of antibodies to Norwalk virus in England: detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using baculovirus-expressed Norwalk virus capsid antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Apr;31(4):1022–1025. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.4.1022-1025.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Greenberg H. B., Valdesuso J., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M., Wyatt R. G., Szmuness W., Larrick J., Kaplan J., Gilman R. H., Sack D. A. Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk virus in various countries. Infect Immun. 1979 Oct;26(1):270–273. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.1.270-273.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Greenberg H. B., Valdesuso J., Yolken R. H., Gangarosa E., Gary W., Wyatt R. G., Konno T., Suzuki H., Chanock R. M., Kapikian A. Z. Role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1979 May;139(5):564–568. doi: 10.1093/infdis/139.5.564. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Greenberg H. B., Wyatt R. G., Valdesuso J., Kalica A. R., London W. T., Chanock R. M., Kapikian A. Z. Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay for detection of the Norwalk strain of acute nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis virus and its antibodies. J Med Virol. 1978;2(2):97–108. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890020204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Herrmann J. E., Nowak N. A., Blacklow N. R. Detection of Norwalk virus in stools by enzyme immunoassay. J Med Virol. 1985 Oct;17(2):127–133. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890170205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jiang X., Wang J., Graham D. Y., Estes M. K. Detection of Norwalk virus in stool by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Oct;30(10):2529–2534. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.10.2529-2534.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jiang X., Wang M., Graham D. Y., Estes M. K. Expression, self-assembly, and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein. J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6527–6532. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.11.6527-6532.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kapikian A. Z., Greenberg H. B., Cline W. L., Kalica A. R., Wyatt R. G., James H. D., Jr, Lloyd N. L., Chanock R. M., Ryder R. W., Kim H. W. Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk agent by a newly developed immune adherence hemagglutination assay. J Med Virol. 1978;2(4):281–294. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890020402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nakata S., Chiba S., Terashima H., Sakuma Y., Kogasaka R., Nakao T. Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of human calicivirus in stools. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Feb;17(2):198–201. doi: 10.1128/jcm.17.2.198-201.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nakata S., Chiba S., Terashima H., Yokoyama T., Nakao T. Humoral immunity in infants with gastroenteritis caused by human calicivirus. J Infect Dis. 1985 Aug;152(2):274–279. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.2.274. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nakata S., Estes M. K., Chiba S. Detection of human calicivirus antigen and antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Oct;26(10):2001–2005. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.10.2001-2005.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nakata S., Estes M. K., Graham D. Y., Loosle R., Tao H., Wang S. H., Saif L. J., Melnick J. L. Antigenic characterization and ELISA detection of adult diarrhea rotaviruses. J Infect Dis. 1986 Sep;154(3):448–455. doi: 10.1093/infdis/154.3.448. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sakuma Y., Chiba S., Kogasaka R., Terashima H., Nakamura S., Horino K., Nakao T. Prevalence of antibody to human calicivirus in general population of northern Japan. J Med Virol. 1981;7(3):221–225. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890070306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Takagi K., Yamashita Y., Inouye H., Ohseto M., Kuwabara H., Nishio O., Isomura S. [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for direct serotyping of enteric adenoviruses in feces]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1991 May;65(5):552–558. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.65.552. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Xi J. N., Graham D. Y., Wang K. N., Estes M. K. Norwalk virus genome cloning and characterization. Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1580–1583. doi: 10.1126/science.2177224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES