Table 4.
Sleep Scoring Parameters (Mean ± Standard Deviation) Derived from Sleep Classification According to R&K and AASM for Patients (PAT, n = 16) as Well as for Age- and Sex-Matched Healthy Subjects (HC, n = 16)
| PAT: Patients |
HC: Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects |
PAT - HC |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R&K | AASM | Diff. AASM-R&K | P | R&K | AASM | Diff. AASM-R&K | P | Diff. AASM-R&K | P | ||
| Lights out clock time (hr:min) | 22:51 ± 00:37 | 22:51 ± 00:37 | - | - | 20:11 ± 07:53 | 20:11 ± 07:53 | - | - | - | - | |
| Lights on clock time (hr:min) | 06:56 ± 00:41 | 06:56 ± 00:41 | - | - | 06:22 ± 02:32 | 06:22 ± 02:32 | - | - | - | - | |
| Total sleep time (TST; in min) | 381.0 ± 66.5 | 380.3 ± 68.3 | −0.7 | 0.875 | 411.7 ± 59.2 | 411.2 ± 57.6 | −0.5 | 0.979 | −0.2 | 0.915 | |
| Total recording time (“lights out” to “lights on” in min) | 490.3 ± 51.6 | 487.0 ± 47.0 | −3.3 | 0.403 | 491.1 ± 34.6 | 491.4 ± 34.8 | 0.3 | 0.427 | −2.2 | 0.185 | |
| Sleep latency (SL; in min)* | 14.7 ± 10.8 | 16.5 ± 17.4 | 1.8 | 0.479 | 16.4 ± 17.3 | 14.8 ± 18.8 | −1.6 | 0.266 | −3.6 | 0.433 | |
| Sleep REM/R latency (sleep onset to first epoch of Stage R in min) | 99.5 ± 61.5 | 97.4 ± 43.4 | −2.2 | 0.861 | 81.8 ± 30.9 | 81.8 ± 31.1 | 0.0 | 0.362 | −2.2 | 0.626 | |
| Wake after sleep onset (WASO; Stage W after sleep onset, in min) | 89.4 ± 53.1 | 90.1 ± 51.7 | 0.8 | 0.698 | 60.3 ± 37.6 | 64.7 ± 37.5 | 4.4 | 0.365 | −3.6 | 0.779 | |
| Percent sleep efficiency (TST/total recording time)x100 in % | 78.5 ± 11.5 | 78.2 ± 12.2 | −0.3 | 0.778 | 83.8 ± 9.4 | 83.7 ± 9.4 | −0.1 | 0.737 | −0.2 | 0.484 | |
| Time in each stage (min) | |||||||||||
| Stage S1/N1 | 47.0 ± 23.0 | 60.4 ± 28.5 | 13.4 | 0.019 | 48.2 ± 24.1 | 60.3 ± 26.5 | 12.1 | 0.011 | 1.2 | 0.133 | |
| Stage S2/N2 | 205.8 ± 55.0 | 192.4 ± 52.1 | −13.3 | 0.163 | 229.2 ± 38.5 | 203.2 ± 44.7 | −26.0 | 0.014 | 12.6 | 0.196 | |
| Stage S3+S4/N3 | 51.3 ± 27.0 | 54.1 ± 35.8 | 2.8 | 0.665 | 56.8 ± 38.6 | 70.8 ± 46.0 | 14.0 | 0.075 | −11.3 | 0.460 | |
| Stage REM/R | 76.9 ± 25.8 | 73.5 ± 27.1 | −3.5 | 0.140 | 77.6 ± 27.0 | 76.8 ± 28.0 | −0.8 | 0.736 | −2.7 | 0.712 | |
| Percent of TST in each stage (time in each stage/TST)×100 in % | |||||||||||
| Stage S1/N1 | 12.2 ± 5.2 | 15.8 ± 7.2 | 3.6 | 0.017 | 12.2 ± 6.5 | 15.2 ± 7.8 | 3.0 | 0.010 | 0.5 | 0.153 | |
| Stage S2/N2 | 53.4 ± 7.2 | 50.1 ± 8.4 | −3.3 | 0.172 | 55.9 ± 7.1 | 49.5 ± 9.6 | −6.4 | 0.011 | 3.1 | 0.254 | |
| Stage S3+S4/N3 | 14.2 ± 9.4 | 15.0 ± 12.2 | 0.8 | 0.642 | 13.4 ± 8.5 | 16.8 ± 10.2 | 3.4 | 0.064 | −2.6 | 0.680 | |
| Stage REM/R | 20.2 ± 6.1 | 19.1 ± 5.9 | −1.1 | 0.136 | 18.5 ± 4.9 | 18.4 ± 5.4 | −0.1 | 0.847 | −1.0 | 0.941 | |
The P-values are based on Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-ranks test (PAT, HC) or Mann-Whitney U-test (PAT – HC) for TST, SL, REM/R-latency, WASO and sleep efficiency, for all other variables on paired samples (PAT, HC) or independent samples (PAT – HC) t-tests. Numbers in boldface indicate significant results.
*Definition: R&K: lights out to 3 consecutive epochs S1 or the first epoch of any deeper sleep.
AASM: lights out to first epoch of any sleep.