Abstract
MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined independently for 100 coded yeast isolates by each of six laboratories to determine reproducibility of results by using a colorimetric oxidation-reduction-based broth microdilution test. In addition, each site tested five quality control isolates on at least four different occasions during the study. Results agreed within a three-dilution range (mode +/- 1 log2 dilution) for 96.2% of fluconazole tests and 92.7% of amphotericin B tests. Agreement among tests with the quality control isolates was 99.4% with fluconazole and 98.6% with amphotericin B. These results indicate that the colorimetric microdilution method is reproducible among laboratories.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anaissie E. J., Bodey G. P., Rinaldi M. G. Emerging fungal pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;8(4):323–330. doi: 10.1007/BF01963467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Armstrong D. Treatment of opportunistic fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Jan;16(1):1–7. doi: 10.1093/clinids/16.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banerjee S. N., Emori T. G., Culver D. H., Gaynes R. P., Jarvis W. R., Horan T., Edwards J. R., Tolson J., Henderson T., Martone W. J. Secular trends in nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in the United States, 1980-1989. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Am J Med. 1991 Sep 16;91(3B):86S–89S. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90349-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bodey G. P. Azole antifungal agents. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14 (Suppl 1):S161–S169. doi: 10.1093/clinids/14.supplement_1.s161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calhoun D. L., Roberts G. D., Galgiani J. N., Bennett J. E., Feingold D. S., Jorgensen J., Kobayashi G. S., Shadomy S. Results of a survey of antifungal susceptibility tests in the United States and interlaboratory comparison of broth dilution testing of flucytosine and amphotericin B. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Feb;23(2):298–301. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.2.298-301.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Espinel-Ingroff A., Kerkering T. M., Goldson P. R., Shadomy S. Comparison study of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Jun;29(6):1089–1094. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.6.1089-1094.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Espinel-Ingroff A., Kish C. W., Jr, Kerkering T. M., Fromtling R. A., Bartizal K., Galgiani J. N., Villareal K., Pfaller M. A., Gerarden T., Rinaldi M. G. Collaborative comparison of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Dec;30(12):3138–3145. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.12.3138-3145.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fromtling R. A., Galgiani J. N., Pfaller M. A., Espinel-Ingroff A., Bartizal K. F., Bartlett M. S., Body B. A., Frey C., Hall G., Roberts G. D. Multicenter evaluation of a broth macrodilution antifungal susceptibility test for yeasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Jan;37(1):39–45. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.1.39. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galgiani J. N., Reiser J., Brass C., Espinel-Ingroff A., Gordon M. A., Kerkering T. M. Comparison of relative susceptibilities of Candida species to three antifungal agents as determined by unstandardized methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Sep;31(9):1343–1347. doi: 10.1128/aac.31.9.1343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galgiani J. N., Rinaldi M. G., Polak A. M., Pfaller M. A. Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing. J Med Vet Mycol. 1992;30 (Suppl 1):213–224. doi: 10.1080/02681219280000911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Galgiani J. N. Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of the standardization process. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Dec;37(12):2517–2521. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.12.2517. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodman J. L., Winston D. J., Greenfield R. A., Chandrasekar P. H., Fox B., Kaizer H., Shadduck R. K., Shea T. C., Stiff P., Friedman D. J. A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1992 Mar 26;326(13):845–851. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199203263261301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hadfield T. L., Smith M. B., Winn R. E., Rinaldi M. G., Guerra C. Mycoses caused by Candida lusitaniae. Rev Infect Dis. 1987 Sep-Oct;9(5):1006–1012. doi: 10.1093/clinids/9.5.1006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harvey R. L., Myers J. P. Nosocomial fungemia in a large community teaching hospital. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Dec;147(12):2117–2120. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hitchcock C. A., Pye G. W., Troke P. F., Johnson E. M., Warnock D. W. Fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Sep;37(9):1962–1965. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.9.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison V. A., Haake R. J., Weisdorf D. J. The spectrum of non-Candida fungal infections following bone marrow transplantation. Medicine (Baltimore) 1993 Mar;72(2):78–89. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199303000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfaller M. A., Grant C., Morthland V., Rhine-Chalberg J. Comparative evaluation of alternative methods for broth dilution susceptibility testing of fluconazole against Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):506–509. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.506-509.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfaller M. A., Rinaldi M. G. Antifungal susceptibility testing. Current state of technology, limitations, and standardization. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1993 Jun;7(2):435–444. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfaller M., Wenzel R. Impact of the changing epidemiology of fungal infections in the 1990s. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Apr;11(4):287–291. doi: 10.1007/BF01962067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rex J. H., Pfaller M. A., Rinaldi M. G., Polak A., Galgiani J. N. Antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Oct;6(4):367–381. doi: 10.1128/cmr.6.4.367. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walsh T. J., Pizzo A. Treatment of systemic fungal infections: recent progress and current problems. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988 Aug;7(4):460–475. doi: 10.1007/BF01962595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weems J. J., Jr Candida parapsilosis: epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14(3):756–766. doi: 10.1093/clinids/14.3.756. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wenzel R. P., Pfaller M. A. Candida species: emerging hospital bloodstream pathogens. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991 Sep;12(9):523–524. doi: 10.1086/646403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wey S. B., Mori M., Pfaller M. A., Woolson R. F., Wenzel R. P. Hospital-acquired candidemia. The attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Dec;148(12):2642–2645. doi: 10.1001/archinte.148.12.2642. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wingard J. R., Merz W. G., Rinaldi M. G., Johnson T. R., Karp J. E., Saral R. Increase in Candida krusei infection among patients with bone marrow transplantation and neutropenia treated prophylactically with fluconazole. N Engl J Med. 1991 Oct 31;325(18):1274–1277. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199110313251803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]