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. 2008 Sep 18;29(12):2351–2359. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn211

Table I.

Effects of American ginseng on the prevention of inflammation (A and B) and ulceration (C and D) in the colon induced by DSS

Treatment group Inflammation score
 Number of mice
0 1 2 3 4 5
A. Short-term treatment
    Water 7 (100)a 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
    Water + American ginseng 7 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
    DSS 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (42.9) 3 (42.9) 1 (14.2) 0 (0) 7
    DSS + American ginsengb 2 (28.6) 5 (71.4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
B. Long-term treatment
    Water 15 (100)a 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 15
    Water + American ginseng 13 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 13
    DSS 0 (0) 0 (0) 9 (30) 6 (20) 2 (6.7) 13 (43.3) 30
    DSS + American ginsengc 1 (7.7) 0 (0) 9 (69.2) 1 (7.7) 0 (0) 2 (15.4) 13
Treatment group Ulceration score
 Number of mice
0 1 2 3 4 5
C. Short-term treatment
    Water 7 (100)a 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
    Water + American ginseng 7 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
    DSS 0 (0) 3 (42.9) 1 (14.2) 2 (28.7) 1 (14.2) 0 (0) 7
    DSS + American ginsengd 6 (85.8) 1 (14.2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7
D. Long-term treatment
    Water 15 (100)a 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 15
    Water + American ginseng 13 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 13
    DSS 0 (0) 7 (23.3) 7 (23.3) 2 (6.7) 1 (3.4) 13 (43.3) 30
    DSS + American ginsenge 1 (7.7) 5 (38.5) 2 (15.4) 3 (23) 0 (0) 2 (15.4) 13
a

Number in brackets indicates percentage of mice.

b

P-value associated with the observed chi-square value, under the hypothesis of no differences between the two groups (DSS versus DSS + American ginseng), is 0.0006.

c

P-value associated with the observed chi-square value, under the hypothesis of no differences between the two groups (DSS versus DSS + American ginseng), is 0.0455.

d

P-value associated with the observed chi-square value, under the hypothesis of no differences between the two groups (DSS versus DSS + American ginseng), is 0.0047.

e

P-value associated with the observed chi-square value, under the hypothesis of no differences between the two groups (DSS versus DSS + American ginseng), is 0.2030.