Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1994 Sep;32(9):2175–2181. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2175-2181.1994

A simple, specific, and highly sensitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1.

J A Kramps 1, J Magdalena 1, J Quak 1, K Weerdmeester 1, M J Kaashoek 1, M A Maris-Veldhuis 1, F A Rijsewijk 1, G Keil 1, J T van Oirschot 1
PMCID: PMC263962  PMID: 7529249

Abstract

By using a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope located on glycoprotein B of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), a simple, convenient blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which combines a high sensitivity with a low false-positive rate has been developed. The test can be performed at low variance on undiluted bovine serum samples. The epitope on glycoprotein B appears to be conserved, because it could be detected by immunostaining in all of 160 BHV1 isolates originating from 10 countries. In testing 215 anti-BHV1 antibody-negative and 179 anti-BHV1 antibody-positive serum samples, specificity and sensitivity were 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. This blocking ELISA is superior to a commercially available indirect ELISA and to the 24-h virus neutralization test in detecting low antibody levels in serum. In addition, this blocking ELISA is able to detect specific antibodies in serum as early as 7 days postinfection. To minimize any risk of introducing latent BHV1 carriers among noninfected cattle, this blocking ELISA would be, in our opinion, the test of choice.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

2177Image
on p.2177

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ackermann M., Bélak S., Bitsch V., Edwards S., Moussa A., Rockborn G., Thiry E. Round table on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus infection diagnosis and control. Vet Microbiol. 1990 Jun;23(1-4):361–363. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(90)90167-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnold B., Messerle M., Jatsch L., Küblbeck G., Koszinowski U. Transgenic mice expressing a soluble foreign H-2 class I antigen are tolerant to allogeneic fragments presented by self class I but not to the whole membrane-bound alloantigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(5):1762–1766. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1762. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bitsch V. The P 37/24 modification of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-serum neutralization test. Acta Vet Scand. 1978;19(4):497–505. doi: 10.1186/BF03547589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03599.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Denis M., Slaoui M., Keil G., Babiuk L. A., Ernst E., Pastoret P. P., Thiry E. Identification of different target glycoproteins for bovine herpes virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes depending on the method of in vitro stimulation. Immunology. 1993 Jan;78(1):7–13. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dennett D. P., Barasa J. O., Johnson R. H. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus: studies on the venereal carrier status in range cattle. Res Vet Sci. 1976 Jan;20(1):77–83. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fitzpatrick D. R., Babiuk L. A., Zamb T. J. Nucleotide sequence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gIII, a structural model for gIII as a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and implications for the homologous glycoproteins of other herpesviruses. Virology. 1989 Nov;173(1):46–57. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90220-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Huck R. A., Millar P. G., Woods D. G. Experimental infection of maiden heifers by the vagina with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis virus. An epidemiological study. J Comp Pathol. 1973 Apr;83(2):271–279. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(73)90052-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. KENDRICK J. W., GILLESPIE J. H., MCENTEE K. Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis of cattle. Cornell Vet. 1958 Oct;48(4):458–495. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kimman T. G., Westenbrink F., Schreuder B. E., Straver P. J. Local and systemic antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in calves with and without maternal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Jun;25(6):1097–1106. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.6.1097-1106.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kramps J. A., Quak S., Weerdmeester K., van Oirschot J. T. Comparative study on sixteen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in cattle. Vet Microbiol. 1993 May;35(1-2):11–21. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90112-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Laskey R. A., Mills A. D. Quantitative film detection of 3H and 14C in polyacrylamide gels by fluorography. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Aug 15;56(2):335–341. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02238.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mackett M., Smith G. L., Moss B. General method for production and selection of infectious vaccinia virus recombinants expressing foreign genes. J Virol. 1984 Mar;49(3):857–864. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.3.857-864.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mackett M., Smith G. L. Vaccinia virus expression vectors. J Gen Virol. 1986 Oct;67(Pt 10):2067–2082. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-10-2067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Marshall R. L., Rodriguez L. L., Letchworth G. J., 3rd Characterization of envelope proteins of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus 1) by biochemical and immunological methods. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):745–753. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.745-753.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Misra V., Nelson R., Smith M. Sequence of a bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein gene that is homologous to the herpes simplex gene for the glycoprotein gB. Virology. 1988 Oct;166(2):542–549. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90525-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Parsonson I. M., Snowdon W. A. The effect of natural and artificial breeding using bulls infected with, or semen contaminated with, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Aust Vet J. 1975 Aug;51(8):365–369. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1975.tb15595.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Perrin B., Bitsch V., Cordioli P., Edwards S., Eloit M., Guérin B., Lenihan P., Perrin M., Rønsholt L., Van Oirschot J. T. A European comparative study of serological methods for the diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Rev Sci Tech. 1993 Sep;12(3):969–984. doi: 10.20506/rst.12.3.724. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Riegel C. A., Ayers V. K., Collins J. K. Rapid, sensitive, competitive serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Dec;25(12):2418–2421. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.12.2418-2421.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Straub O. C. BHV1 infections: relevance and spread in Europe. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991;14(2):175–186. doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(91)90130-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ungar-Waron H., Abraham A. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the involvement of IgM-rheumatoid factor in the serodiagnosis of BHV-1 infection. Vet Microbiol. 1991 Jan;26(1-2):53–63. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90041-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wensvoort G., Terpstra C., Boonstra J., Bloemraad M., Van Zaane D. Production of monoclonal antibodies against swine fever virus and their use in laboratory diagnosis. Vet Microbiol. 1986 Jul;12(2):101–108. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(86)90072-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Westenbrink F., Kimman T. G., Brinkhof J. M. Analysis of the antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins in calves. J Gen Virol. 1989 Mar;70(Pt 3):591–601. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-3-591. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Whetstone C. A., Wheeler J. G., Reed D. E. Investigation of possible vaccine-induced epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, using restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res. 1986 Aug;47(8):1789–1795. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yates W. D. A review of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Jul;46(3):225–263. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S., Babiuk L. A. Synthesis and processing of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins. J Virol. 1986 Aug;59(2):401–410. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.2.401-410.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES