Skip to main content
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1994 Sep;32(9):2266–2269. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2266-2269.1994

Comparison of plasma PCR and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture for detection of cytomegalovirus infection in adult bone marrow transplant recipients.

M M Aspin 1, G M Gallez-Hawkins 1, T D Giugni 1, B Tegtmeier 1, D J Lang 1, G M Schmidt 1, S J Forman 1, J A Zaia 1
PMCID: PMC263979  PMID: 7814556

Abstract

Plasma PCR for human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was compared with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture as an indicator for disseminated CMV infection. Thirteen (32.5%) of 40 consecutive bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were BAL fluid culture positive for CMV on day 35 post-BMT, and 9 (69%) of the 13 had positive plasma PCRs between days 28 and 49. Of the 27 with negative BAL fluid cultures, 2 (7%) had positive plasma PCRs (P < 0.001). Plasma CMV DNA in BMT recipients is a useful clinical marker for serious infection.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Atkinson K., Downs K., Golenia M., Biggs J., Marshall G., Dodds A., Concannon A. Prophylactic use of ganciclovir in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: absence of clinical cytomegalovirus infection. Br J Haematol. 1991 Sep;79(1):57–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08007.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boeckh M., Bowden R. A., Goodrich J. M., Pettinger M., Meyers J. D. Cytomegalovirus antigen detection in peripheral blood leukocytes after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Blood. 1992 Sep 1;80(5):1358–1364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brytting M., Xu W., Wahren B., Sundqvist V. A. Cytomegalovirus DNA detection in sera from patients with active cytomegalovirus infections. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Aug;30(8):1937–1941. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.8.1937-1941.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chee M. S., Bankier A. T., Beck S., Bohni R., Brown C. M., Cerny R., Horsnell T., Hutchison C. A., 3rd, Kouzarides T., Martignetti J. A. Analysis of the protein-coding content of the sequence of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;154:125–169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-74980-3_6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Demmler G. J., Buffone G. J., Schimbor C. M., May R. A. Detection of cytomegalovirus in urine from newborns by using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification. J Infect Dis. 1988 Dec;158(6):1177–1184. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.6.1177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Einsele H., Ehninger G., Steidle M., Vallbracht A., Müller M., Schmidt H., Saal J. G., Waller H. D., Müller C. A. Polymerase chain reaction to evaluate antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus disease. Lancet. 1991 Nov 9;338(8776):1170–1172. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92032-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Einsele H., Steidle M., Vallbracht A., Saal J. G., Ehninger G., Müller C. A. Early occurrence of human cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow transplantation as demonstrated by the polymerase chain reaction technique. Blood. 1991 Mar 1;77(5):1104–1110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gleaves C. A., Smith T. F., Shuster E. A., Pearson G. R. Comparison of standard tube and shell vial cell culture techniques for the detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Feb;21(2):217–221. doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.2.217-221.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodrich J. M., Bowden R. A., Fisher L., Keller C., Schoch G., Meyers J. D. Ganciclovir prophylaxis to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic marrow transplant. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Feb 1;118(3):173–178. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goodrich J. M., Mori M., Gleaves C. A., Du Mond C., Cays M., Ebeling D. F., Buhles W. C., DeArmond B., Meyers J. D. Early treatment with ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1991 Dec 5;325(23):1601–1607. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199112053252303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gozlan J., Salord J. M., Roullet E., Baudrimont M., Caburet F., Picard O., Meyohas M. C., Duvivier C., Jacomet C., Petit J. C. Rapid detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with neurologic disorders. J Infect Dis. 1992 Dec;166(6):1416–1421. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.6.1416. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ishigaki S., Takeda M., Kura T., Ban N., Saitoh T., Sakamaki S., Watanabe N., Kohgo Y., Niitsu Y. Cytomegalovirus DNA in the sera of patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Br J Haematol. 1991 Oct;79(2):198–204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04522.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Meyers J. D., Flournoy N., Thomas E. D. Nonbacterial pneumonia after allogeneic marrow transplantation: a review of ten years' experience. Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Nov-Dec;4(6):1119–1132. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.6.1119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Meyers J. D., Flournoy N., Thomas E. D. Risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection after human marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis. 1986 Mar;153(3):478–488. doi: 10.1093/infdis/153.3.478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Meyers J. D., Ljungman P., Fisher L. D. Cytomegalovirus excretion as a predictor of cytomegalovirus disease after marrow transplantation: importance of cytomegalovirus viremia. J Infect Dis. 1990 Aug;162(2):373–380. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.2.373. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Meyers J. D., Reed E. C., Shepp D. H., Thornquist M., Dandliker P. S., Vicary C. A., Flournoy N., Kirk L. E., Kersey J. H., Thomas E. D. Acyclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jan 14;318(2):70–75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198801143180202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reusser P., Gambertoglio J. G., Lilleby K., Meyers J. D. Phase I-II trial of foscarnet for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in autologous and allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. J Infect Dis. 1992 Sep;166(3):473–479. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.3.473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ruutu P., Ruutu T., Volin L., Tukiainen P., Ukkonen P., Hovi T. Cytomegalovirus is frequently isolated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of bone marrow transplant recipients without pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Jun 15;112(12):913–916. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-112-12-913. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schmidt G. M., Horak D. A., Niland J. C., Duncan S. R., Forman S. J., Zaia J. A. A randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants; The City of Hope-Stanford-Syntex CMV Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 11;324(15):1005–1011. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199104113241501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Spector S. A., Merrill R., Wolf D., Dankner W. M. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in plasma of AIDS patients during acute visceral disease by DNA amplification. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Sep;30(9):2359–2365. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.9.2359-2365.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wingard J. R., Mellits E. D., Sostrin M. B., Chen D. Y., Burns W. H., Santos G. W., Vriesendorp H. M., Beschorner W. E., Saral R. Interstitial pneumonitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Nine-year experience at a single institution. Medicine (Baltimore) 1988 May;67(3):175–186. doi: 10.1097/00005792-198805000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Winston D. J., Ho W. G., Bartoni K., Du Mond C., Ebeling D. F., Buhles W. C., Champlin R. E. Ganciclovir prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Feb 1;118(3):179–184. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wolf D. G., Spector S. A. Diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus central nervous system disease in AIDS patients by DNA amplification from cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis. 1992 Dec;166(6):1412–1415. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.6.1412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wolf D. G., Spector S. A. Early diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus disease in transplant recipients by DNA amplification in plasma. Transplantation. 1993 Aug;56(2):330–334. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199308000-00014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yau J. C., Dimopoulos M. A., Huan S. D., Tarrand J. J., Spencer V., Spitzer G., Meneghetti C. M., Wallerstein R. O., Andersson B. S., LeMaistre C. F. Prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir in allogeneic marrow transplantation. Eur J Haematol. 1991 Nov;47(5):371–376. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1991.tb01863.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zaia J. A., Forman S. J., Gallagher M. T., Vanderwal-Urbina E., Blume K. G. Prolonged human cytomegalovirus viremia following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 1984 Mar;37(3):315–317. doi: 10.1097/00007890-198403000-00021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Zaia J. A., Gallez-Hawkins G., Churchill M. A., Morton-Blackshere A., Pande H., Adler S. P., Schmidt G. M., Forman S. J. Comparative analysis of human cytomegalovirus a-sequence in multiple clinical isolates by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Dec;28(12):2602–2607. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.12.2602-2607.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. van der Bij W., Torensma R., van Son W. J., Anema J., Schirm J., Tegzess A. M., The T. H. Rapid immunodiagnosis of active cytomegalovirus infection by monoclonal antibody staining of blood leucocytes. J Med Virol. 1988 Jun;25(2):179–188. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890250208. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES