Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1994 Sep;32(9):2276–2279. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2276-2279.1994

Analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates among healthy blood donors and drug addicts in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

C Apichartpiyakul 1, C Chittivudikarn 1, H Miyajima 1, M Homma 1, H Hotta 1
PMCID: PMC263982  PMID: 7814558

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates obtained from 25 anti-HCV antibody-positive healthy blood donors and 29 drug addicts in Chiang Mai, Thailand, were analyzed. HCV RNA was detected in 23 blood donor samples (92%) and 24 drug addict blood samples (83%) by PCR for a portion of the NS5 region. Subtype analysis revealed that HCV type 3a (HCV-3a) was the prevailing subtype (30%), which was followed in prevalence by HCV-1a (21%), -1b (13%), -3b (13%), and -6a (2%). Six (13%) of the 47 isolates showed low sequence similarities with known types and subtypes. The sequence variants could be grouped into four branches in a molecular evolutionary phylogenetic tree.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Boonmar S., Pojanagaroon B., Watanabe Y., Tanaka Y., Saito I., Miyamura T. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody among healthy blood donors and non-A, non-B hepatitis patients in Thailand. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1990 Apr;43(2):29–36. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.43.29. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cha T. A., Beall E., Irvine B., Kolberg J., Chien D., Kuo G., Urdea M. S. At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7144–7148. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7144. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Choo Q. L., Richman K. H., Han J. H., Berger K., Lee C., Dong C., Gallegos C., Coit D., Medina-Selby R., Barr P. J. Genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2451–2455. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2451. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Doi H., Yoon S., Homma M., Hotta H. Identification of hepatitis C virus subtype 3b (HCV-3b) among Japanese patients with liver diseases using highly efficient primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Immunol. 1994;38(2):159–163. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01759.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hotta H., Doi H., Hayashi T., Purwanta M., Soemarto W., Mizokami M., Ohba K., Homma M. Analysis of the core and E1 envelope region sequences of a novel variant of hepatitis C virus obtained in Indonesia. Arch Virol. 1994;136(1-2):53–62. doi: 10.1007/BF01538816. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Houghton M., Weiner A., Han J., Kuo G., Choo Q. L. Molecular biology of the hepatitis C viruses: implications for diagnosis, development and control of viral disease. Hepatology. 1991 Aug;14(2):381–388. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kamer G., Argos P. Primary structural comparison of RNA-dependent polymerases from plant, animal and bacterial viruses. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7269–7282. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7269. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kanai K., Kako M., Okamoto H. HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis C and response to interferon. Lancet. 1992 Jun 20;339(8808):1543–1543. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91311-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kato N., Hijikata M., Ootsuyama Y., Nakagawa M., Ohkoshi S., Sugimura T., Shimotohno K. Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9524–9528. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9524. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kato N., Ootsuyama Y., Ohkoshi S., Nakazawa T., Mori S., Hijikata M., Shimotohno K. Distribution of plural HCV types in Japan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Nov 27;181(1):279–285. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81414-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kleter G. E., van Doorn L. J., Brouwer J. T., Schalm S. W., Heijtink R. A., Quint W. G. Sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region in isolates of at least four genotypes of hepatitis C virus in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):306–310. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.306-310.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mori S., Kato N., Yagyu A., Tanaka T., Ikeda Y., Petchclai B., Chiewsilp P., Kurimura T., Shimotohno K. A new type of hepatitis C virus in patients in Thailand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Feb 28;183(1):334–342. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91648-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Okamoto H., Kojima M., Sakamoto M., Iizuka H., Hadiwandowo S., Suwignyo S., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. The entire nucleotide sequence and classification of a hepatitis C virus isolate of a novel genotype from an Indonesian patient with chronic liver disease. J Gen Virol. 1994 Mar;75(Pt 3):629–635. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-3-629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Okamoto H., Kurai K., Okada S., Yamamoto K., Lizuka H., Tanaka T., Fukuda S., Tsuda F., Mishiro S. Full-length sequence of a hepatitis C virus genome having poor homology to reported isolates: comparative study of four distinct genotypes. Virology. 1992 May;188(1):331–341. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90762-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Okamoto H., Okada S., Sugiyama Y., Kurai K., Iizuka H., Machida A., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of hepatitis C virus isolated from a human carrier: comparison with reported isolates for conserved and divergent regions. J Gen Virol. 1991 Nov;72(Pt 11):2697–2704. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-11-2697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Okamoto H., Sugiyama Y., Okada S., Kurai K., Akahane Y., Sugai Y., Tanaka T., Sato K., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y. Typing hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers: application to clinical surveys and tracing infectious sources. J Gen Virol. 1992 Mar;73(Pt 3):673–679. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-3-673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pistello M., Maggi F., Vatteroni L., Cecconi N., Panicucci F., Bresci G. P., Gambardella L., Taddei M., Bionda A., Tuoni M. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Italy. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Jan;32(1):232–234. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.232-234.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pozzato G., Moretti M., Franzin F., Crocè L. S., Tiribelli C., Masayu T., Kaneko S., Unoura M., Kobayashi K. Severity of liver disease with different hepatitis C viral clones. Lancet. 1991 Aug 24;338(8765):509–509. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90578-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Simmonds P., Holmes E. C., Cha T. A., Chan S. W., McOmish F., Irvine B., Beall E., Yap P. L., Kolberg J., Urdea M. S. Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. J Gen Virol. 1993 Nov;74(Pt 11):2391–2399. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-11-2391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Simmonds P., McOmish F., Yap P. L., Chan S. W., Lin C. K., Dusheiko G., Saeed A. A., Holmes E. C. Sequence variability in the 5' non-coding region of hepatitis C virus: identification of a new virus type and restrictions on sequence diversity. J Gen Virol. 1993 Apr;74(Pt 4):661–668. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-661. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stuyver L., Rossau R., Wyseur A., Duhamel M., Vanderborght B., Van Heuverswyn H., Maertens G. Typing of hepatitis C virus isolates and characterization of new subtypes using a line probe assay. J Gen Virol. 1993 Jun;74(Pt 6):1093–1102. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-6-1093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tokita H., Shrestha S. M., Okamoto H., Sakamoto M., Horikita M., Iizuka H., Shrestha S., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. Hepatitis C virus variants from Nepal with novel genotypes and their classification into the third major group. J Gen Virol. 1994 Apr;75(Pt 4):931–936. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-4-931. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES