Skip to main content
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1994 Sep;32(9):2318–2320. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2318-2320.1994

Evaluation of E test as a rapid method for determining MICs for nutritionally variant streptococci.

C P Douglas 1, S Siarakas 1, T Gottlieb 1
PMCID: PMC263995  PMID: 7814569

Abstract

E test was evaluated as an alternative rapid and simple method of MIC estimation for nutritionally variant streptococci. E test with various media was compared with conventional broth and plate dilution techniques supplemented with 0.001% (wt/vol) pyridoxal hydrochloride (vitamin B6). Of the 14 strains tested with E test, isosensitest agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood and 0.001% pyridoxal HCl, with and without 0.01% cysteine, gave complete agreement within one twofold-dilution titer of the agar reference method and between 93 and 86% agreement within one twofold-dilution titer of the broth reference method. E test MICs with other media were comparable; however, these were considerably more difficult to interpret. Use of Mueller-Hinton and Columbia-based supplemented agar showed hazy growth and double zoning around the endpoint, respectively. The addition of 0.01% (wt/vol) cysteine to media exhibited no significant effect, and incubation in 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) did not affect MICs.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bisno A. L., Dismukes W. E., Durack D. T., Kaplan E. L., Karchmer A. W., Kaye D., Rahimtoola S. H., Sande M. A., Sanford J. P., Watanakunakorn C. Antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis due to viridans streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococci. JAMA. 1989 Mar 10;261(10):1471–1477. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bouvet A., Cremieux A. C., Contrepois A., Vallois J. M., Lamesch C., Carbon C. Comparison of penicillin and vancomycin, individually and in combination with gentamicin and amikacin, in the treatment of experimental endocarditis induced by nutritionally variant streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Nov;28(5):607–611. doi: 10.1128/aac.28.5.607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carey R. B., Brause B. D., Roberts R. B. Antimicrobial therapy of vitamin B6-dependent streptococcal endocarditis. Ann Intern Med. 1977 Aug;87(2):150–154. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-150. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cooksey R. C., Swenson J. M. In vitro antimicrobial inhibition patterns of nutritionally variant streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979 Oct;16(4):514–518. doi: 10.1128/aac.16.4.514. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. FRENKEL A., HIRSCH W. Spontaneous development of L forms of streptococci requiring secretions of other bacteria or sulphydryl compounds for normal growth. Nature. 1961 Aug 12;191:728–730. doi: 10.1038/191728a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gephart J. F., Washington J. A., 2nd Antimicrobial susceptibilities of nutritionally variant streptococci. J Infect Dis. 1982 Oct;146(4):536–539. doi: 10.1093/infdis/146.4.536. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Henry N. K., Wilson W. R., Roberts R. B., Acar J. F., Geraci J. E. Antimicrobial therapy of experimental endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant viridans group streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Sep;30(3):465–467. doi: 10.1128/aac.30.3.465. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Holloway Y., Dankert J. Penicillin tolerance in nutritionally variant streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Dec;22(6):1073–1075. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.6.1073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jorgensen J. H., Ferraro M. J., McElmeel M. L., Spargo J., Swenson J. M., Tenover F. C. Detection of penicillin and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates by use of the E test. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Jan;32(1):159–163. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.159-163.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Levine J. F., Hanna B. A., Pollock A. A., Simberkoff M. S., Rahal J. J., Jr Penicillin sensitive nutritionally variant streptococcal endocarditis: relapse after penicillin therapy. Am J Med Sci. 1983 Jul-Aug;286(1):31–36. doi: 10.1097/00000441-198307000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Markowitz S. M., Williams D. S. Effect of L-cysteine on the activity of penicillin antibiotics against Clostridium difficile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Mar;27(3):419–421. doi: 10.1128/aac.27.3.419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McCarthy L. R., Bottone E. J. Bacteremia and endocarditis caused by satelliting streptococci. Am J Clin Pathol. 1974 May;61(5):585–591. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/61.5.585. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Peterson C. E., Cook J. L., Burke J. P. Media-dependent subculture of nutritionally variant streptococci. Am J Clin Pathol. 1981 Apr;75(4):634–636. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/75.4.634. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Roberts R. B., Krieger A. G., Schiller N. L., Gross K. C. Viridans streptococcal endocarditis: the role of various species, including pyridoxal-dependent streptococci. Rev Infect Dis. 1979 Nov-Dec;1(6):955–966. doi: 10.1093/clinids/1.6.955. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ruoff K. L. Nutritionally variant streptococci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):184–190. doi: 10.1128/cmr.4.2.184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Saleh-Mghir A., Cremieux A. C., Vallois J. M., Muffat-Joly M., Devine C., Carbon C. Optimal aminoglycoside dosing regimen for penicillin-tobramycin synergism in experimental Streptococcus adjacens endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Nov;36(11):2403–2407. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.11.2403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Stein D. S., Libertin C. R. Time kill curve analysis of vancomycin and rifampin alone and in combination against nine strains of nutritionally deficient streptococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988 Jul;10(3):139–144. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(88)90032-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stein D. S., Nelson K. E. Endocarditis due to nutritionally deficient streptococci: therapeutic dilemma. Rev Infect Dis. 1987 Sep-Oct;9(5):908–916. doi: 10.1093/clinids/9.5.908. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Verhaegen J., Vandepitte J. Endocarditis caused by nutritionally deficient streptococci. Acta Clin Belg. 1983;38(1):12–18. doi: 10.1080/22953337.1983.11718900. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wilson W. R., Geraci J. E. Treatment of streptococcal infective endocarditis. Am J Med. 1985 Jun 28;78(6B):128–137. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90375-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES