Skip to main content
Emerging Infectious Diseases logoLink to Emerging Infectious Diseases
. 1999 Mar-Apr;5(2):274–277. doi: 10.3201/eid0502.990214

Evaluating diagnosis and treatment of oral and esophageal candidiasis in Ugandan AIDS patients.

M Ravera 1, A Reggiori 1, A M Agliata 1, R P Rocco 1
PMCID: PMC2640695  PMID: 10221882

Abstract

A randomized cross-over clinical and endoscopic evaluation of 85 Ugandan patients showed that esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients with oral candidiasis could be managed without endoscopy and biopsies. Oral lesions, especially when accompanied by esophageal symptoms, were sufficient for diagnosis. Miconazole was more effective than nystatin in treating esophageal candidiasis and could be a valid alternative to more expensive azolic drugs in developing countries.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (83.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bianchi Porro G., Parente F., Cernuschi M. The diagnosis of esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: is endoscopy always necessary? Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Feb;84(2):143–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bonacini M., Young T., Laine L. The causes of esophageal symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective study of 110 patients. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Aug;151(8):1567–1572. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Colebunders R. L., Latif A. S. Natural history and clinical presentation of HIV-1 infection in adults. AIDS. 1991;5 (Suppl 1):S103–S112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Connolly G. M., Hawkins D., Harcourt-Webster J. N., Parsons P. A., Husain O. A., Gazzard B. G. Oesophageal symptoms, their causes, treatment, and prognosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gut. 1989 Aug;30(8):1033–1039. doi: 10.1136/gut.30.8.1033. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. De Wit S., Weerts D., Goossens H., Clumeck N. Comparison of fluconazole and ketoconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS. Lancet. 1989 Apr 8;1(8641):746–748. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92572-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gil A., Lavilla P., López Dupla M., Valencia E., Pintado V., Khamashta M., García Puig J., Ortiz-Vázquez J. Tratamiento de la candidiasis esofágica con fluconazol en el síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Estudio comparativo de dos pautas terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc) 1992 Apr 25;98(16):612–617. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Holt R. J., Azmi A. Miconazole-resistant Candida. Lancet. 1978 Jan 7;1(8054):50–51. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90403-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Howlett W. P., Nkya W. M., Mmuni K. A., Missalek W. R. Neurological disorders in AIDS and HIV disease in the northern zone of Tanzania. AIDS. 1989 May;3(5):289–296. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198905000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laine L., Dretler R. H., Conteas C. N., Tuazon C., Koster F. M., Sattler F., Squires K., Islam M. Z. Fluconazole compared with ketoconazole for the treatment of Candida esophagitis in AIDS. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Oct 15;117(8):655–660. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-655. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. López-Dupla M., Mora Sanz P., Pintado García V., Valencia Ortega E., Uriol P. L., Khamashta M. A., Aguado A. G. Clinical, endoscopic, immunologic, and therapeutic aspects of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: a survey of 114 cases. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Dec;87(12):1771–1776. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Nyst M. J., Perriens J. H., Kimputu L., Lumbila M., Nelson A. M., Piot P. Gentian violet, ketoconazole and nystatin in oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in Zairian AIDS patients. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1992 Mar;72(1):45–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Parente F., Cernuschi M., Rizzardini G., Lazzarin A., Valsecchi L., Bianchi Porro G. Opportunistic infections of the esophagus not responding to oral systemic antifungals in patients with AIDS: their frequency and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Dec;86(12):1729–1734. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pons V., Greenspan D., Debruin M. Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized, prospective multicenter study of oral fluconazole versus clotrimazole troches. The Multicenter Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993 Dec;6(12):1311–1316. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Sutton F. M., Graham D. Y., Goodgame R. W. Infectious esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1994 Oct;4(4):713–729. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tavitian A., Raufman J. P., Rosenthal L. E. Oral candidiasis as a marker for esophageal candidiasis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1986 Jan;104(1):54–55. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-54. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Wilcox C. M., Karowe M. W. Esophageal infections: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Gastroenterologist. 1994 Sep;2(3):188–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Emerging Infectious Diseases are provided here courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

RESOURCES