Abstract
We tested 758 fecal Escherichia coli isolates, recovered from Nigerian students in 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994, and 1998, for susceptibility to seven antimicrobial drugs. The prevalences of strains resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were 9% to 35% in 1986 and 56% to 100% in 1998. These findings demonstrate that resistance gene reservoirs are increasing in healthy persons.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (57.9 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Calva J. J., Sifuentes-Osornio J., Cerón C. Antimicrobial resistance in fecal flora: longitudinal community-based surveillance of children from urban Mexico. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jul;40(7):1699–1702. doi: 10.1128/aac.40.7.1699. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green S., Tillotson G. Use of ciprofloxacin in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Jan;16(1):150–162. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199701000-00041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hart C. A., Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ. 1998 Sep 5;317(7159):647–650. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7159.647. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoge C. W., Gambel J. M., Srijan A., Pitarangsi C., Echeverria P. Trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in Thailand over 15 years. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Feb;26(2):341–345. doi: 10.1086/516303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levin B. R., Lipsitch M., Perrot V., Schrag S., Antia R., Simonsen L., Walker N. M., Stewart F. M. The population genetics of antibiotic resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24 (Suppl 1):S9–16. doi: 10.1093/clinids/24.supplement_1.s9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levy S. B. Antibiotic resistance: an ecological imbalance. Ciba Found Symp. 1997;207:1–14. doi: 10.1002/9780470515358.ch1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levy S. B., Marshall B., Schluederberg S., Rowse D., Davis J. High frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Dec;32(12):1801–1806. doi: 10.1128/aac.32.12.1801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray B. E., Mathewson J. J., DuPont H. L., Ericsson C. D., Reves R. R. Emergence of resistant fecal Escherichia coli in travelers not taking prophylactic antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Apr;34(4):515–518. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.4.515. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Brien T. F. The global epidemic nature of antimicrobial resistance and the need to monitor and manage it locally. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24 (Suppl 1):S2–S8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/24.supplement_1.s2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okeke I. N., Lamikanra A., Edelman R. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):18–27. doi: 10.3201/eid0501.990103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tauxe R. V., Cavanagh T. R., Cohen M. L. Interspecies gene transfer in vivo producing an outbreak of multiply resistant shigellosis. J Infect Dis. 1989 Dec;160(6):1067–1070. doi: 10.1093/infdis/160.6.1067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]