Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1983 Apr;40(1):310–319. doi: 10.1128/iai.40.1.310-319.1983

Induction of angiosarcomas by ring-necked pheasant virus.

J K Carter, S J Proctor, R E Smith
PMCID: PMC264850  PMID: 6299960

Abstract

Ring-necked pheasant virus, an avian leukosis virus, when injected into 10-day old chick embryos, caused angiosarcomas in the lungs of infected chickens within a short time. Angiosarcomas appeared as localized foci of proliferating cells in the lungs as early as 2 weeks posthatch, and by 6 weeks, the lungs of the infected chickens were frequently filled with tumor cells. Between 3 and 10 weeks of age, 80% of infected chickens died of the angiosarcomas; the 20% which lived 8 weeks or longer had small lung lesions and also developed fibrosarcomas, osteopetrosis, nephroblastoma, and lymphoid leukosis. Chickens with lung tumors were cyanotic, had breathing difficulty, and had packed cell volumes in excess of 50%. Other changes not necessarily correlated with lung tumor mass were stunting, lymphoid organ involution, and profuse diarrhea. Ring-necked pheasant virus has a genome RNA of 8.2 kb. This observation, together with its replication and disease induction after repeated plaque purification, suggests that ring-necked pheasant virus is a replication-competent avian retrovirus. Therefore, our results suggest that ring-necked pheasant virus is an avian leukosis virus which causes angiosarcomas rapidly at high incidence and which, therefore, may induce this type of tumor by a mechanism different from the induction of sarcomas by avian sarcoma viruses.

Full text

PDF
310

Images in this article

312Image
on p.312
313Image
on p.313
314Image
on p.314
315Image
on p.315

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BEARD J. W. VIRAL TUMORS OF CHICKENS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE LEUKOSIS COMPLEX. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Nov 4;108:1057–1085. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13436.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Banes A. J., Smith R. E. Biological characterization of avian osteopetrosis. Infect Immun. 1977 Jun;16(3):876–884. doi: 10.1128/iai.16.3.876-884.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Franklin R. M., Martin M. T. In ovo tumorigenesis induced by avian osteopetrosis virus. Virology. 1980 Aug;105(1):245–249. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90172-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fujita D. J., Chen Y. C., Friis R. R., Vogt P. K. RNA tumor viruses of pheasants: characterization of avian leukosis subgroups F and G. Virology. 1974 Aug;60(2):558–571. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90350-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Graf T. A plaque assay for avian RNA tumor viruses. Virology. 1972 Nov;50(2):567–578. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90408-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Graf T., Beug H. Avian leukemia viruses: interaction with their target cells in vivo and in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Nov 17;516(3):269–299. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(78)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Graf T., Fink D., Beug H., Royer-Pokora B. Oncornavirus-induced sarcoma formation obscured by rapid development of lethal leukemia. Cancer Res. 1977 Jan;37(1):59–63. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Isolation of leukosis-type virus from pheasant embryo cells: possible presence of viral genes in cells. Virology. 1973 Jan;51(1):247–251. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90388-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Keshet E., Temin H. M. Nucleotide sequences derived from pheasant DNA in the genome of recombinant avian leukosis viruses with subgroup F specificity. J Virol. 1977 Nov;24(2):505–513. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.2.505-513.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Macdonald J. W. Observations on the histology of the lung of Gallus domesticus. Br Vet J. 1970 Feb;126(2):89–93. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)48512-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Moscovici C., Chi D., Gazzolo L., Moscovici M. G. A study of plaque formation with avian RNA tumor viruses. Virology. 1976 Aug;73(1):181–189. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90072-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Neel B. G., Hayward W. S., Robinson H. L., Fang J., Astrin S. M. Avian leukosis virus-induced tumors have common proviral integration sites and synthesize discrete new RNAs: oncogenesis by promoter insertion. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):323–334. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Paterson R. W., Smith R. E. Characterization of anemia induced by avian osteopetrosis virus. Infect Immun. 1978 Dec;22(3):891–900. doi: 10.1128/iai.22.3.891-900.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Price J. A., Smith R. E. Influence of bursectomy on bone growth and anemia induced by avian osteopetrosis viruses. Cancer Res. 1981 Mar;41(3):752–759. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Purchase H. G., Okazaki W., Vogt P. K., Hanafusa H., Burmester B. R., Crittenden L. B. Oncogenicity of avian leukosis viruses of different subgroups and of mutants of sarcoma viruses. Infect Immun. 1977 Feb;15(2):423–428. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.2.423-428.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Royer-Pokora B., Beug H., Claviez M., Winkhardt H. J., Friis R. R., Graf T. Transformation parameters in chicken fibroblasts transformed by AEV and MC29 avian leukemia viruses. Cell. 1978 Apr;13(4):751–760. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90225-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rup B. J., Hoelzer J. D., Bose H. R., Jr Helper viruses associated with avian acute leukemia viruses inhibit the cellular immune response. Virology. 1982 Jan 15;116(1):61–71. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90403-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schmidt E. V., Crapo J. D., Harrelson J. M., Smith R. E. A quantitative histologic study of avian osteopetrotic bone demonstrating normal osteoclast numbers and increased osteoblastic activity. Lab Invest. 1981 Feb;44(2):164–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schmidt E. V., Keene J. D., Linial M., Smith R. E. Association of 3' terminal RNA sequences with avian leukosis viruses causing a high incidence of osteopetrosis. Virology. 1982 Jan 15;116(1):163–180. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90411-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schmidt E. V., Smith R. E. Avian osteopetrosis virus induces proliferation of cultured bone cells. Virology. 1981 May;111(1):275–282. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90672-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shoyab M., Baluda M. A. Homology between avian oncornavirus RNAs and DNA from several avian species. J Virol. 1975 Dec;16(6):1492–1502. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.6.1492-1502.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shoyab M., Baluda M. A. Ribonucleotide sequence homology among avian oncornaviruses. J Virol. 1975 Jan;17(1):106–113. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.1.106-113.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Smith R. E., Davids L. J., Neiman P. E. Comparison of an avian osteopetrosis virus with an avian lymphomatosis virus by RNA-DNA hybridization. J Virol. 1975 Jan;17(1):160–167. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.1.160-167.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Smith R. E., Ivanyi J. Pathogenesis of virus-induced osteopetrosis in the chicken. J Immunol. 1980 Aug;125(2):523–530. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Smith R. E., Morgan J. H. Identification of plaque isolates of an avian retrovirus causing rapid and slow onset osteopetrosis. Virology. 1982 Jun;119(2):488–499. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90107-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith R. E., Moscovici C. The oncogenic effects of nontransforming viruses from avian myeloblastosis virus. Cancer Res. 1969 Jul;29(7):1356–1366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Smith R. E., Schmidt E. V. Induction of anemia by avian leukosis viruses of five subgroups. Virology. 1982 Mar;117(2):516–518. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90492-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Smith R. E., Van Eldik L. J. Characterization of the immunosuppression accompanying virus-induced avian osteopetrosis. Infect Immun. 1978 Nov;22(2):452–461. doi: 10.1128/iai.22.2.452-461.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Thorgeirsson G., Robertson A. L., Jr The vascular endothelium-pathobiologic significance. Am J Pathol. 1978 Dec;93(3):803–848. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Weibel E. R. Morphological basis of alveolar-capillary gas exchange. Physiol Rev. 1973 Apr;53(2):419–495. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1973.53.2.419. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES