Table 1.

Publications reporting experience with telecytology (GYN = gynecological specimens [i.e. Pap tests]; Non-GYN = nongynecological specimens)

Reference	Date	Country	Specimen	System	Concordance %	Interobserver variability	Limitations
[11]	1996	USA	GYN	Static	60	Kappa = 0.20	Frequent undercalling of dysplasia
[12]	1998	Germany	GYN	Dynamic*	65	Kappa not recorded	Monolayers more problematic than conventional smears
[13]	1998	USA	Non-GYN	Static	67-91	Kappa not recorded	Insufficient images and poor image quality
[14]	2000	USA	Non-GYN	Static	80-96	Kappa > 0.6	Inexperience with the system
[15]	2001	USA	GYN	Static	Good (no % recorded)	Kappa 0.32 - 0.58	Poor reproducibility
[9]	2001	USA	Non-GYN	Static	69	Kappa not recorded	Poor quality images (out of focus)
[16]	2003	USA	Non-GYN	Static	Good to excellent	Kappa 0.22 - 0.556	Poor quality images with inability to focus on thick cellular groups
[17]	2004	Japan	GYN and non-GYN	Static	89	Kappa not recorded	Lengthy time (up to 20 minutes) to capture images
[18]	2007	Iran	Non-GYN	Static	89	Kappa = 0.71	Lengthy time (up to 30 minutes) to capture images and poor image quality

^*Although a remotely controlled (dynamic) telecytology system was employed in this study, only preselected (static) areas were used.