TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Foxo1+/−mice fed a HFD ± TZD
| HFD |
P | HFD + TZD |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild type | Foxo1+/− | Wild type | Foxo1+/− | |||
| n | 10 | 14 | 5 | 6 | ||
| Age (months) | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | ||
| Duration of diet (weeks) | 24 | 24 | 5 | 5 | ||
| Body weight (g) | 41.8 ± 0.9 | 41.6 ± 1.0 | NS | 35.8 ± 0.9 | 34.5 ± 0.9 | NS |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 193 ± 9.6 | 160 ± 5.2 | 0.01 | 175 ± 8.6 | 140 ± 8.1 | 0.02 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (mg/dl) | 8.11 ± 1.7 | 4.27 ± 0.6 | 0.05 | 1.43 ± 0.17 | 0.95 ± 12 | 0.05 |
| Fasting free fatty acids (mmol/l) | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | NS | 0.54 ± 0.03 | 0.54 ± 0.03 | NS |
| Plasma adiponectin (ng/ml) | 6,827 ± 415 | 5,318 ± 372 | 0.03 | 10,329 ± 1,386 | 11,425 ± 2,066 | NS |
| Plasma leptin (pg/ml) | 16,059 ± 2,382 | 14,320 ± 605 | NS | 11,631 ± 1,898 | 8,016 ± 1,682 | NS |
| Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (pg/ml) | 46.4 ± 4.9 | 61.4 ± 7.1 | NS | 39.9 ± 10.5 | 21.1 ± 5.8 | NS |
| Plasma interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 17.4 ± 2.4 | 11.4 ± 1.7 | 0.05 | 9.8 ± 5.6 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (pg/ml) | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | NS | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 0.01 |
| Liver weight (g) | 2.92 ± 0.31 | 2.35 ± 0.17 | 0.05 | 1.96 ± 0.09 | 2.01 ± 0.09 | NS |
| Epididymal fat mass (g) | 2.41 ± 0.32 | 3.17 ± 0.34 | 0.03 | 1.74 ± 0.09 | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 0.03 |
| Liver triglyceride content (mg/g) | 2.20 ± 0.53 | 1.87 ± 0.23 | NS | 1.48 ± 0.40 | 1.36 ± 0.23 | NS |
| Adipocyte cell size (arbitrary units) | 8,688 ± 626 | 6,426 ± 633 | 0.03 | 4,880 ± 224 | 7,630 ± 813 | 0.03 |