Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2009 Jan 14;457(7232):1015–1018. doi: 10.1038/nature07604

Figure 1. Synaptic depression enhances inhibition-mediated gain modulation.

Figure 1

a, Hypothetical neuronal input-output relation before (black) and after multiplicative gain modulation (green, ×) and an additive offset (orange, +).

b, Averaged AMPAR-mediated synaptic train exhibiting STD (blue trace) in response to Poisson stimulation (black ticks; f = 86 Hz) of single MF inputs. Red trace shows corresponding artificial synaptic train without STD.

c, The sum of 4 independent synaptic trains (each f = 86 Hz) with and without STD injected into a GC via dynamic clamp (Gclamp) with and without tonic inhibition (black and gray; Ginh = 500 pS). Right vertical ticks indicate spike times. Horizontal bars indicate output rate measurement window. Vrest = −79 mV.

d, Average input-output relations (n = 9) with and without STD (blue and red) and tonic inhibition (open and closed symbols). Lines are fits to a Hill function (Eq. 5; Supplementary Table 1).

e, Gain (green) and offset (orange) changes due to STD (±STD) and inhibition (±inh) from fits in d.