Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1991 Sep;29(9):2002–2006. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.9.2002-2006.1991

Outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis due to Salmonella weltevreden in a guinea pig colony.

M J Albert 1, M Ansaruzzaman 1, S M Faruque 1, K Haider 1, F Qadri 1, M M Islam 1, A K Kibriya 1, S Tzipori 1
PMCID: PMC270249  PMID: 1774327

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that the ability to produce keratoconjunctivitis (KC) is a property found in Salmonella weltevreden. This observation is contrary to previous reports that Salmonella spp. do not produce KC. An outbreak of KC due to S. weltevreden occurred in a guinea pig colony, and the animals carried the organism in the intestinal tract. The same Salmonella serotype that caused an epidemic of diarrhea in humans and a routine laboratory isolate also possessed the ability to induce KC. Unlike Shigella spp. (the prototype organisms positive for KC), S. weltevreden induced KC and bound Congo red dye even when grown at 30 degrees C. It invaded HeLa cells in culture but did not hybridize with a DNA probe for invasiveness of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli even though it harbored plasmids. It was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, was hydrophobic, and showed mannose-sensitive hemagglutination. It did not have enterotoxic or cytotoxic activities.

Full text

PDF
2002

Images in this article

2003Image
on p.2003
2004Image
on p.2004

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bauer A. W., Kirby W. M., Sherris J. C., Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966 Apr;45(4):493–496. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dean A. G., Ching Y. C., Williams R. G., Harden L. B. Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhea in children in Honolulu. J Infect Dis. 1972 Apr;125(4):407–411. doi: 10.1093/infdis/125.4.407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DuPont H. L., Formal S. B., Hornick R. B., Snyder M. J., Libonati J. P., Sheahan D. G., LaBrec E. H., Kalas J. P. Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 1971 Jul 1;285(1):1–9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197107012850101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Echeverria P., Taylor D. N., Seriwatana J., Brown J. E., Lexomboon U. Examination of colonies and stool blots for detection of enteropathogens by DNA hybridization with eight DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Feb;27(2):331–334. doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.2.331-334.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Formal S. B., Hale T. L., Sansonetti P. J. Invasive enteric pathogens. Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Sep-Oct;5 (Suppl 4):S702–S707. doi: 10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_4.s702. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gentry M. K., Dalrymple J. M. Quantitative microtiter cytotoxicity assay for Shigella toxin. J Clin Microbiol. 1980 Sep;12(3):361–366. doi: 10.1128/jcm.12.3.361-366.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Giannella R. A., Washington O., Gemski P., Formal S. B. Invasion of HeLa cells by Salmonella typhimurium: a model for study of invasiveness of Salmonella. J Infect Dis. 1973 Jul;128(1):69–75. doi: 10.1093/infdis/128.1.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Guerrant R. L., Lahita R. G., Winn W. C., Jr, Roberts R. B. Campylobacteriosis in man: pathogenic mechanisms and review of 91 bloodstream infections. Am J Med. 1978 Oct;65(4):584–592. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90845-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hackett J., Kotlarski I., Mathan V., Francki K., Rowley D. The colonization of Peyer's patches by a strain of Salmonella typhimurium cured of the cryptic plasmid. J Infect Dis. 1986 Jun;153(6):1119–1125. doi: 10.1093/infdis/153.6.1119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harris J. R., Wachsmuth I. K., Davis B. R., Cohen M. L. High-molecular-weight plasmid correlates with Escherichia coli enteroinvasiveness. Infect Immun. 1982 Sep;37(3):1295–1298. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.3.1295-1298.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Inuzuka N., Nakamura S., Inuzuka M., Tomoeda M. Specific action of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the sex factor of Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr strains. J Bacteriol. 1969 Nov;100(2):827–835. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.2.827-835.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jiwa S. F. Probing for enterotoxigenicity among the salmonellae: an evaluation of biological assays. J Clin Microbiol. 1981 Nov;14(5):463–472. doi: 10.1128/jcm.14.5.463-472.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kétyi I., Pácsa S., Emödy L., Vertényi A., Kocsis B., Kuch B. Shigella dysenteriae 1-like cytotoxic enterotoxins produced by Salmonella strains. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1979;26(3):217–223. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ljungh A., Kronevi T. Aeromonas hydrophila toxins - intestinal fluid accumulation and mucosal injury in animal models. Toxicon. 1982;20(2):397–407. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(82)90002-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ljungh A., Wadström T. Salt aggregation test for measuring cell surface hydrophobicity of urinary Escherichia coli. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Dec;1(6):388–393. doi: 10.1007/BF02019940. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maurelli A. T., Blackmon B., Curtiss R., 3rd Loss of pigmentation in Shigella flexneri 2a is correlated with loss of virulence and virulence-associated plasmid. Infect Immun. 1984 Jan;43(1):397–401. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.1.397-401.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Maurelli A. T., Sansonetti P. J. Identification of a chromosomal gene controlling temperature-regulated expression of Shigella virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2820–2824. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2820. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McHugh G. L., Swartz M. N. Elimination of plasmids from several bacterial species by novobiocin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Sep;12(3):423–426. doi: 10.1128/aac.12.3.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Meyers J. A., Sanchez D., Elwell L. P., Falkow S. Simple agarose gel electrophoretic method for the identification and characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1976 Sep;127(3):1529–1537. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.3.1529-1537.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Morgan D. R., Johnson P. C., DuPont H. L., Satterwhite T. K., Wood L. V. Lack of correlation between known virulence properties of Aeromonas hydrophila and enteropathogenicity for humans. Infect Immun. 1985 Oct;50(1):62–65. doi: 10.1128/iai.50.1.62-65.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Moseley S. L., Echeverria P., Seriwatana J., Tirapat C., Chaicumpa W., Sakuldaipeara T., Falkow S. Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by colony hybridization using three enterotoxin gene probes. J Infect Dis. 1982 Jun;145(6):863–869. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.6.863. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mäki M., Vesikari T., Rantala I., Sundqvist C., Grönroos P. Pathogenicity of 42-44 Mdal plasmid positive and negative Yersinia pseudotuberculosis I and Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8 and 0:9 studied in the guinea pig eye model (Serény test). Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B. 1983 Aug;91(4):241–244. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1983.tb00040.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Qadri F., Haq S., Ciznár I. Hemagglutinating properties of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and other Shigella species. Infect Immun. 1989 Sep;57(9):2909–2911. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.9.2909-2911.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Qadri F., Hossain S. A., Ciznár I., Haider K., Ljungh A., Wadstrom T., Sack D. A. Congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in Shigella species. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Jul;26(7):1343–1348. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.7.1343-1348.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Robins-Browne R. M., Prpic J. K. Effects of iron and desferrioxamine on infections with Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect Immun. 1985 Mar;47(3):774–779. doi: 10.1128/iai.47.3.774-779.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. SERENY B. Experimental shigella keratoconjunctivitis; a preliminary report. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1955;2(3):293–296. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sack D. A., Sack R. B. Test for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using Y-1 adrenal cells in miniculture. Infect Immun. 1975 Feb;11(2):334–336. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.2.334-336.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sandefur P. D., Peterson J. W. Neutralization of Salmonella toxin-induced elongation of Chinese hamster ovary cells by cholera antitoxin. Infect Immun. 1977 Mar;15(3):988–992. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.3.988-992.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schiemann D. A., Devenish J. A. Virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica determined by lethality in Mongolian gerbils and by the Serény test. Infect Immun. 1980 Aug;29(2):500–506. doi: 10.1128/iai.29.2.500-506.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shahid N. S., Rahaman M. M., Haider K., Banu H., Rahman N. Changing pattern of resistant Shiga bacillus (Shigella dysenteriae type 1) and Shigella flexneri in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 1985 Dec;152(6):1114–1119. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.6.1114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Small P. L., Isberg R. R., Falkow S. Comparison of the ability of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica to enter and replicate within HEp-2 cells. Infect Immun. 1987 Jul;55(7):1674–1679. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.7.1674-1679.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tenner C., Rácz P., Rédey B. Significance of the "epithelial phase" in experimental Salmonella conjunctivitis. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1971;18(3):167–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES