Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1984 Aug;20(2):199–203. doi: 10.1128/jcm.20.2.199-203.1984

Bacterial growth and killing in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids.

H A Verbrugh, W F Keane, W E Conroy, P K Peterson
PMCID: PMC271286  PMID: 6386844

Abstract

We determined the ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli to survive and grow in peritoneal dialysis fluids from patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Staphylococci did not survive in commercially available dialysis solutions but grew readily in peritoneal effluents obtained from patients after the dialysis dwell time. The number of CFU doubled 6 and 13 times in 24 h for S. epidermidis and S. aureus, respectively. E. coli grew well in both the pre- and postdialysis peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal macrophages as well as peripheral blood leukocytes inhibited bacterial growth in peritoneal dialysis fluid. However, 10(6) phagocytes per ml were minimally required to obtain a bacteriostatic effect. The addition of serum to peritoneal dialysis fluid increased the antibacterial activity of macrophages and blood leukocytes. The capacity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin to reduce bacterial CFU in peritoneal dialysis fluid was only 10% of its bactericidal capacity in standard Mueller-Hinton brush. Peritoneal dialysis fluid had no effect on the antibacterial activity of imipenem.

Full text

PDF
199

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1968;97:77–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Davis S. D., Iannetta A. Antagonistic effect of calcium in serum on the activity of tobramycin against Pseudomonas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jun;1(6):466–469. doi: 10.1128/aac.1.6.466. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Duwe A. K., Vas S. I., Weatherhead J. W. Effects of the composition of peritoneal dialysis fluid on chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity in vitro. Infect Immun. 1981 Jul;33(1):130–135. doi: 10.1128/iai.33.1.130-135.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gokal R. Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1982 Jun;9(6):417–420. doi: 10.1093/jac/9.6.417. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gokal R., Ramos J. M., Francis D. M., Ferner R. E., Goodship T. H., Proud G., Bint A. J., Ward M. K., Kerr D. N. Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Laboratory and clinical studies. Lancet. 1982 Dec 18;2(8312):1388–1391. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91282-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hurley R. M., Muogbo D., Wilson G. W., Ali M. A. Cellular composition of peritoneal effluent: response to bacterial peritonitis. Can Med Assoc J. 1977 Nov 5;117(9):1061–1062. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Knight K. R., Polak A., Crump J., Maskell R. Laboratory diagnosis and oral treatment of CAPD peritonitis. Lancet. 1982 Dec 11;2(8311):1301–1304. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91509-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Nolph K. D., Sorkin M., Rubin J., Arfania D., Prowant B., Fruto L., Kennedy D. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: three-year experience at one center. Ann Intern Med. 1980 May;92(5):609–613. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Peterson P. K., Verhoef J., Schmeling D., Quie P. G. Kinetics of phagocytosis and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Infect Dis. 1977 Oct;136(4):502–509. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.4.502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Popovich R. P., Moncrief J. W., Nolph K. D., Ghods A. J., Twardowski Z. J., Pyle W. K. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1978 Apr;88(4):449–456. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Rubin J., McFarland S., Hellems E. W., Bower J. D. Peritoneal dialysis during peritonitis. Kidney Int. 1981 Mar;19(3):460–464. doi: 10.1038/ki.1981.40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Rubin J., Rogers W. A., Taylor H. M., Everett E. D., Prowant B. F., Fruto L. V., Nolph K. D. Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1980 Jan;92(1):7–13. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Somani P., Shapiro R. S., Stockard H., Higgins J. T. Unidirectional absorption of gentamicin from the peritoneum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982 Jul;32(1):113–121. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1982.134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Verbrugh H. A., Keane W. F., Hoidal J. R., Freiberg M. R., Elliott G. R., Peterson P. K. Peritoneal macrophages and opsonins: antibacterial defense in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. J Infect Dis. 1983 Jun;147(6):1018–1029. doi: 10.1093/infdis/147.6.1018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Washington J. A., 2nd, Snyder R. J., Kohner P. C., Wiltse C. G., Ilstrup D. M., McCall J. T. Effect of cation content of agar on the activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dis. 1978 Feb;137(2):103–111. doi: 10.1093/infdis/137.2.103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES