Abstract
It has been recommended that routine microbiological processing of urine specimens include quantitative plating onto blood agar medium along with a selective and differential agar such as MacConkey agar for gram-negative organisms. Few data have been published to justify this combination. To evaluate the validity of this recommendation 2,553 midstream, clean-voided urine samples were quantitatively plated onto blood agar, MacConkey agar, and colistin-nalidixic acid agar, which is a selective medium for gram-positive organisms. The amounts of growth on each of the three media were compared. Results indicated that the best medium combination was colistin-nalidixic acid agar and MacConkey agar. The use of colistin-nalidixic acid agar instead of blood agar increased the detection of significant growth of enterococci, lactobacilli, and Torulopsis glabrata.
Full text
PDF![632](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c385/272435/30647a0b621d/jcm00147-0058.png)
![633](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c385/272435/6a8cd6bfc72b/jcm00147-0059.png)
![634](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c385/272435/70d01f5ae8ea/jcm00147-0060.png)
![635](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c385/272435/55ccb3c52338/jcm00147-0061.png)
![636](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c385/272435/f500daa8831b/jcm00147-0062.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bartlett J. G., Onderdonk A. B., Drude E., Goldstein C., Anderka M., Alpert S., McCormack W. M. Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora. J Infect Dis. 1977 Aug;136(2):271–277. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.2.271. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boyd D. E., Flournoy D. J., Hussain Qadri S. M. An evaluation of the gram stain and chocolate agar culture as part of a routine urine culture set-up. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1980;169(1):63–66. doi: 10.1007/BF02123713. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brook I. Urinary tract infection caused by anaerobic bacteria in children. Urology. 1980 Dec;16(6):596–598. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(80)90566-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brooker W. J., Aufderheide A. C. Genitourinary tract infections due to atypical mycobacteria. J Urol. 1980 Aug;124(2):242–244. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55387-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bump C. M. Bacteriuria in a pediatric population. Am J Med Technol. 1977 Sep;43(9):851–855. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellner P. D., Stoessel C. J., Drakeford E., Vasi F. A new culture medium for medical bacteriology. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966 Apr;45(4):502–504. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fleming W. H., Hopkins J. M., Land G. A. New culture medium for the presumptive identificaion of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Feb;5(2):236–243. doi: 10.1128/jcm.5.2.236-243.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRIMLEY P. M., WRIGHT L. D., Jr, JENNINGS A. E. TORULOPSIS GLABRATA INFECTION IN MAN. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965 Mar;43:216–223. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/43.3.216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GUZE L. B., HALEY L. D. Fungus infections of the urinary tract. Yale J Biol Med. 1958 Feb;30(4):292–305. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gargan R. A., Brumfitt W., Hamilton-Miller J. M. Do anaerobes cause urinary infections? Lancet. 1980 Jan 5;1(8158):37–37. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90568-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross P. A., Flower M., Barden G. Polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia. J Clin Microbiol. 1976 Mar;3(3):246–250. doi: 10.1128/jcm.3.3.246-250.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hole R. Fastidious organisms as urinary pathogens. Lancet. 1980 Mar 8;1(8167):546–546. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92803-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAURELL G., LINDBOM G. Drugs and bugs in urinary tract infection from the bacteriological point of view. Acta Paediatr. 1960 Mar;49:189–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1960.tb07721.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marks M. I., O'Toole E. Laboratory identification of Torulopsis glabrata: typical appearance on routine bacteriological media. Appl Microbiol. 1970 Jan;19(1):184–185. doi: 10.1128/am.19.1.184-185.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marrie T. J., Harding G. K., Ronald A. R. Anaerobic and aerobic urethral flora in healthy females. J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Jul;8(1):67–72. doi: 10.1128/jcm.8.1.67-72.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Newman D. M., Hoog J. M. Torulopsis glabrata pyelonephritis. J Urol. 1969 Nov;102(5):547–548. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)62194-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pfau A., Sacks T. The bacterial flora of the vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina in the normal premenopausal woman. J Urol. 1977 Aug;118(2):292–295. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)57976-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROGOSA M., FRANKLIN J. G., PERRY K. D. Correlation of the vitamin requirements with cultural and biochemical characters of Lactobacillus spp. J Gen Microbiol. 1961 Jul;25:473–482. doi: 10.1099/00221287-25-3-473. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schuit K. E. Isolation of Haemophilus in urine cultures from children. J Pediatr. 1979 Oct;95(4):565–566. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80769-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]