Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1978 Aug;8(2):160–165. doi: 10.1128/jcm.8.2.160-165.1978

Role of rheumatoid factor in complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests for immunoglobulin M antibody to cytomegalovirus.

N E Cremer, M Hoffman, E H Lennette
PMCID: PMC275179  PMID: 212447

Abstract

Absorption of immunoglobulin M (IgM)-rheumatoid factor (RF) from serum samples by reaction with insolubilized gamma globulin reduced the complement-fixing (CF) antibody titer to cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen to less than 1:2 in the IgM fraction of some, but not all, sera. Thus, IgM-CF activity in some sera appeared to be due to specific IgM anti-CMV antibody and in other sera to complexes of IgM-RF with antiviral IgG antibody. Prozones were present in the CF tests on IgM fractions. Increasing the concentration of antigen from 2 to 4 U reduced the prozone titer by one or two double dilutions. This observation suggested that a competition for antigen may be operating at low dilutions of IgM antibody fractions. Removal of RF had little or no effect on the reaction of the IgM fraction of sera with CMV by the indirect hemagglutination test.

Full text

PDF
160

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Avrameas S. Coupling of enzymes to proteins with glutaraldehyde. Use of the conjugates for the detection of antigens and antibodies. Immunochemistry. 1969 Jan;6(1):43–52. doi: 10.1016/0019-2791(69)90177-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BELLANTI J. A., RUSS S. B., HOLMES G. E., BUESCHER E. L. THE NATURE OF ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL ARBOVIRUS INFECTION IN GUINEA PIGS. J Immunol. 1965 Jan;94:1–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartfeld H. Distribution of rheumatoid factor activity in nonrheumatoid states. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1969 Dec 10;168(1):30–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb43092.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bernstein M. T., Stewart J. A. Indirect hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies to Cytomegalovirus. Appl Microbiol. 1971 Jan;21(1):84–89. doi: 10.1128/am.21.1.84-89.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Best J. M., Banatvala J. E., Watson D. Serum IgM and IgG responses in postnatally acquired rubella. Lancet. 1969 Jul 12;2(7611):65–68. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92386-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chantler S., Devries E., Allen P. R., Hurn B. A. A rapid immunofluorescent procedure for the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibody in sera using Staphylococcus aureus and latex-IgG as absorbents. J Immunol Methods. 1976;13(3-4):367–380. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(76)90083-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cowan K. M. Antibody response to viral antigens. Adv Immunol. 1973;17:195–253. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60733-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cremer N. E., Hoffman M., Lennette E. H. Analysis of antibody assay methods and classes of viral antibodies in serodiagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Aug;8(2):153–159. doi: 10.1128/jcm.8.2.153-159.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cremer N. E., Schmidt N. J., Jensen F., Hoffman M., Oshiro L. S., Lennette E. H. Complement-fixing antibody in human sera reactive with viral and soluble antigens of cytomegalovirus. J Clin Microbiol. 1975 Mar;1(3):262–267. doi: 10.1128/jcm.1.3.262-267.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fraser K. B., Shirodaria P. V., Stanford C. F. Fluorescent staining and human IgM. Br Med J. 1971 Sep 18;3(5776):707–707. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5776.707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gerna G., Chambers R. W. Rapid detection of human cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus hominis IgM antibody by the immunoperoxidase technique. Intervirology. 1977;8(5):257–271. doi: 10.1159/000148901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hanshaw J. B. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: laboratory methods of detection. J Pediatr. 1969 Dec;75(6):1179–1185. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(69)80373-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hanshaw J. B., Steinfeld H. J., White C. J. Fluorescent-antibody test for cytomegalovirus macroglobulin. N Engl J Med. 1968 Sep 12;279(11):566–570. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196809122791102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Harboe M., Fölling I. Recognition of two distinct groups of human IgM and IgA based on different binding to staphylococci. Scand J Immunol. 1974;3(4):471–482. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01280.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Heimer R., Levin F. M. On the distribution of rheumatoid factors among the immunoglobulins. Immunochemistry. 1966 Jan;3(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0019-2791(66)90276-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ishii K., Matsunaga Y., Kono R. Immunoglobulins produced in response to Japanese encephalitis virus infections of man. J Immunol. 1968 Oct;101(4):770–775. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kantor G. L., Goldberg L. S., Johnson B. L., Jr, Derechin M. M., Barnett E. V. Immunologic abnormalities induced by postperfusion cytomegalovirus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1970 Oct;73(4):553–558. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-73-4-553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lang D. J., Hanshaw J. B. Cytomegalovirus infection and the postperfusion syndrome. Recognition of primary infections in four patients. N Engl J Med. 1969 May 22;280(21):1145–1149. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196905222802103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lang D. J., Noren B. Cytomegaloviremia following congenital infection. J Pediatr. 1968 Dec;73(6):812–819. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80233-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lind I., Harboe M., Folling I. Protein A reactivity of two distinct groups of human monoclonal IgM. Scand J Immunol. 1975;4(8):843–848. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1975.tb03726.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nikoskelainen J., Hänninen P. Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus in infectious mononucleosis. Infect Immun. 1975 Jan;11(1):42–51. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.1.42-51.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Reimer C. B., Black C. M., Phillips D. J., Logan L. C., Hunter E. F., Pender B. J., McGrew B. E. The specificity of fetal IgM: antibody or anti-antibody? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1975 Jun 30;254:77–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29159.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Roggendorf M., Schneweis K. E., Wolff M. H. Zum Nachweis Röteln-spezifischer IgM im Hämagglutinations-hemmungstest. Vergleichende Untersuchungen mit der Absorption von IgG durch Protein A-haltige Staphylokokken und der Dichtegradienten-Ultrazentrifugation. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1976 Aug;235(4):363–372. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schmidt N. J., Lennette E. H., Dennis J. Characterization of antibodies produced in natural and experimental coxsackievirus infections. J Immunol. 1968 Jan;100(1):99–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schmidt N. J., Lennette E. H. Neutralizing antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus. Infect Immun. 1975 Sep;12(3):606–613. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.3.606-613.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schmitz H., Haas R. Determination of different cytomegalovirus immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) by immunofluorescence. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1972;37(1):131–140. doi: 10.1007/BF01241158. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Schneweis K. E., Wolff M. H., Marklein G., Stifter G. Untersuchungen mit der IgM-Fraktion von Patienten-Seren bei verschiedenen Viruserkrankungen. Z Immunitatsforsch Exp Klin Immunol. 1974 Aug;147(3):236–249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Shirodaria P. V., Fraser K. B., Stanford F. Secondary fluorescent staining of virus antigens by rheumatoid factor and fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgM. Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Jan;32(1):53–57. doi: 10.1136/ard.32.1.53. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stiehm E. R., Ammann A. J., Cherry J. D. Elevated cord macroglobulins in the diagnosis of intrauterine infections. N Engl J Med. 1966 Nov 3;275(18):971–977. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196611032751801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tanimoto K., Cooper N. R., Johnson J. S., Vaughan J. H. Complement fixation by rheumatoid factor. J Clin Invest. 1975 Mar;55(3):437–445. doi: 10.1172/JCI107949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Taylor-Upsahl M. M., Johnson P. M., Mellbye O. J., Natvig J. B. A study of complement fixation by rheumatoid factor using a haemolytic assay system. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 May;28(2):204–211. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Tokumaru T. A possible role of gamma-A-immunoglobulin in herpes simplex virus infection in man. J Immunol. 1966 Aug;97(2):248–259. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wager O., Räsänen J. A., Hagman A., Klemola E. Mixed cryoimmunoglobulinaemia in infectious mononucleois and Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1968;34(4):345–361. doi: 10.1159/000230129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES