Abstract
Controversy over the association of Ureaplasma urealyticum with reproductive failure may be due to methods used to isolate the microorganism. U. urealyticum isolations from clinical material should be done simultaneously in broth and on Shepard's differential agar medium (A7) containing manganese sulfate. Urine sediments result in a 9% (P = 0.0002) higher rate of isolation than than cervical and urethral swabs. Primary isolations may not display standard textbook morphology. Isolated colonies may be present, but brown streaks in cervical mucus or a coalescent haze around epithelial cells in urine sediment may also be seen in areas of concentrated growth. The broth and agar media used, method of incubation, type of specimen, and method of storing specimens before culture are all factors which influence the recovery of U. urealyticum.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Braun P., Klein J. O., Lee Y. H., Kass E. H. Methodologic investigations and prevalence of genital mycoplasmas in pregnancy. J Infect Dis. 1970 Apr;121(4):391–400. doi: 10.1093/infdis/121.4.391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bredt W., Bink H. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Ureaplasma urealyticum. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1977 Feb;237(1):111–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Caspi E., Solomon F., Sompolinsky D. Early abortion and Mycoplasma infection. Isr J Med Sci. 1972 Feb;8(2):122–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Faur Y. C., Weisburd M. H., Wlson M. E., May P. S. NYC medium for simultaneous isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, large-colony mycoplasmas, and T-mycoplasmas. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jun;27(6):1041–1045. doi: 10.1128/am.27.6.1041-1045.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ford D. K., MacDonald J. Influence of urea on the growth of T-strain mycoplasmas. J Bacteriol. 1967 May;93(5):1509–1512. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.5.1509-1512.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freberg J., Gnarpe H. Mycoplasma and human reproductive failure. 3. Pregnancies in "infertile" couples treated with doxycycline for T-0mycoplasmas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973 May 1;116(1):23–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gnarpe H., Friberg J. T mycoplasmas on spermatozoa and infertility. Nature. 1973 Sep 14;245(5420):97–98. doi: 10.1038/245097a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harrison R. F., de Louvois J., Blades M., Hurley R. Doxycycline treatment and human infertility. Lancet. 1975 Mar 15;1(7907):605–607. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91885-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayflick L., Stanbridge E. Isolation and identification of mycoplasma from human clinical materials. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1967 Jul 28;143(1):608–621. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb27705.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horne H. W., Jr, Kundsin R. B., Kosasa T. S. The role of mycoplasma infection in human reproductive failure. Fertil Steril. 1974 Apr;25(4):380–389. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)40340-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kundsin R. B., Driscoll S. G., Ming P. L. Strain of mycoplasma associated with human reproductive failure. Science. 1967 Sep 29;157(3796):1573–1574. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3796.1573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kundsin R. B. Mycoplasmas in humans: significance of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Health Lab Sci. 1976 Apr;13(2):144–151. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MADOFF S. Isolation and identification of PPLO. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960 Jan 15;79:383–392. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb42702.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCormack W. M., Braun P., Lee Y. H., Klein J. O., Kass E. H. The genital mycoplasmas. N Engl J Med. 1973 Jan 11;288(2):78–89. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197301112880206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Razin S., Masover G. K., Palant M., Hayflick L. Morphology of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) organisms and colonies. J Bacteriol. 1977 Apr;130(1):464–471. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.1.464-471.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robertson J. A. Bromothymol blue broth: improved medium for detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma). J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Feb;7(2):127–132. doi: 10.1128/jcm.7.2.127-132.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Romano N., Romano F., Carollo F. T-strains of mycoplasma in bronchopneumonic lungs of an aborted fetus. N Engl J Med. 1971 Oct 21;285(17):950–952. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197110212851706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoub B. D., Jacobs Y. R., Hylén E., Freedman R. The role of Mycoplasma in human infertility. S Afr Med J. 1976 Mar 13;50(11):445–447. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shepard M. C. Differential methods for identification of T-mycoplasmas based on demonstration of urease. J Infect Dis. 1973 Mar;127(Suppl):S22–S25. doi: 10.1093/infdis/127.supplement_1.s22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shepard M. C., Lunceford C. D. Differential agar medium (A7) for identification of Ureaplasma urealyticum (human T mycoplasmas) in primary cultures of clinical material. J Clin Microbiol. 1976 Jun;3(6):613–625. doi: 10.1128/jcm.3.6.613-625.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shepard M. C., Lunceford C. D. Urease color test medium U-9 for the detection and identification of "T" mycoplasms in clinical material. Appl Microbiol. 1970 Oct;20(4):539–543. doi: 10.1128/am.20.4.539-543.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shurin P. A., Alpert S., Bernard Rosner B. A., Driscoll S. G., Lee Y. H. Chorioamnionitis and colonization of the newborn infant with genital mycoplasmas. N Engl J Med. 1975 Jul 3;293(1):5–8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197507032930102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spaepen M. S., Kundsin R. B., Horne H. W. Tetracycline-resistant T-mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum) from patients with a history of reproductive failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Jun;9(6):1012–1018. doi: 10.1128/aac.9.6.1012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stalheim O. H., Proctor S. J., Gallagher J. E. Growth and effects of ureaplasmas (T mycoplasmas) in bovine oviductal organ cultures. Infect Immun. 1976 Mar;13(3):915–925. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.3.915-925.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- THAYER J. D., MARTIN J. E., Jr A SELECTIVE MEDIUM FOR THE CULTIVATION OF N. GONORRHOEAE AND N. MENINGITIDIS. Public Health Rep. 1964 Jan;79:49–57. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taylor-Robinson D., Csonka G. W., Prentice M. J. Human intra-urethral inoculation of ureplasmas. Q J Med. 1977 Jul;46(183):309–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Louvois J., Blades M., Harrison R. F., Hurley R., Stanley V. C. Frequency of mycoplasma in fertile and infertile couples. Lancet. 1974 Jun 1;1(7866):1073–1075. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90554-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]