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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 3.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2008 Nov 17;118(23):2338–2344. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.761080

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Changes in postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic area (EDA) and ejection fraction (EFa) expressed as a percentage of preoperative values. Right-to-left shunting (R-L) patients (black diamonds) fall in the lower-right quadrant, while the left-to-right shunting (L-R) patients (gray squares) fall in the lower-left quadrant. Group means are shown by the open symbols. Error bars indicate group standard error. A simultaneous decrease in EFa and EDA is consistent with a primary effect of reduced preload, but a decrease in EFa while EDA increases implies decreased contractile function or a large increase in afterload.