Abstract
Berry, L. Joe (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), Dorothy S. Smythe, and Louise S. Colwell. Inhibition of inducible liver enzymes by endotoxin and actinomycin D. J. Bacteriol. 92:107–115. 1966.—Bacterial endotoxin at the ld50 level lowers liver tryptophan pyrrolase in mice, it prevents for 16 to 20 hr the induction of the enzyme by a concurrent injection of cortisone, it lowers significantly but does not prevent substrate induction, and it reduces the enzymatic activity promptly and significantly when administered during the course of hormonal induction. The ld50 amount of actinomycin D has a similar effect on tryptophan pyrrolase, except that its inhibition of induction by cortisone persists for a longer period of time. Endotoxin in the intact mouse induces tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase almost as well as cortisone, but not in the adrenalectomized animal, a fact that suggests induction of this enzyme is due to release of endogenous adrenal hormones. Actinomycin D, on the other hand, has an effect on this transaminase similar to that on tryptophan pyrrolase. The site of action of endotoxin and actinomycin D would appear to be similar for one of the two enzymes studied and different for the other, a relationship that requires a specificity difficult to imagine for a material as complex as endotoxin.
Full text
PDF![107](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/846f5dee95c0/jbacter00413-0135.png)
![108](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/6e6e09c6db01/jbacter00413-0136.png)
![109](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/37a2ffa45762/jbacter00413-0137.png)
![110](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/2fa48ef6204b/jbacter00413-0138.png)
![111](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/02b598cbda02/jbacter00413-0139.png)
![112](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/465d18ba3ac5/jbacter00413-0140.png)
![113](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/3fbd9f9960b1/jbacter00413-0141.png)
![114](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/f4aa8002f21e/jbacter00413-0142.png)
![115](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ce2f/276203/a6b2103bba20/jbacter00413-0143.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BERRY L. J., SMYTHE D. S. EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM. VI. THE ROLE OF TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE IN RESPONSE OF MICE TO ENDOTOXIN. J Exp Med. 1963 Oct 1;118:587–603. doi: 10.1084/jem.118.4.587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BERRY L. J., SMYTHE D. S. EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM. VII. ENZYME INDUCTION AND CORTISONE PROTECTION. J Exp Med. 1964 Nov 1;120:721–732. doi: 10.1084/jem.120.5.721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berry L. J., Smythe D. S. Some metabolic aspects of tolerance to bacterial endotoxin. J Bacteriol. 1965 Oct;90(4):970–977. doi: 10.1128/jb.90.4.970-977.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CIVEN M., KNOX W. E. The specificity of tryptophan analogues as inducers, substrates, inhibitors, and stabilizers of liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J Biol Chem. 1960 Jun;235:1716–1718. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eaves G. N., Taylor M. K., Berry L. J. Detection of apotryptophan pyrrolase activity in unfractionated liver homogenates. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 Jan;121(1):298–301. doi: 10.3181/00379727-121-30763. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON M., GROSS P. R., FEIGELSON P. Early effects of cortisone on nucleic acid and protein metabolism of rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1962 Apr 2;55:495–504. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(62)90982-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON P., DASHMAN T., MARGOLIS F. The half-life-time of induced tryptophan peroxidase in vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959 Dec;85:478–482. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90514-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON P., FEIGELSON M. Studies on the mechanism of regulation by cortisone of the metabolism of liver purine and ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1963 Mar;238:1073–1077. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON P., GREENGARD O. A microsomal iron-porphyrin activator of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J Biol Chem. 1961 Jan;236:153–157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON P., GREENGARD O. Immunologic and enzymatic studies on rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase during substrate and cortisone induction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 May 8;103:1075–1082. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb53759.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEIGELSON P., GREENGARD O. Regulation of liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity. J Biol Chem. 1962 Jun;237:1908–1913. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GARREN L. D., HOWELL R. R., TOMKINS G. M., CROCCO R. M. A PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D: THE MECHANISM OF REGULATION OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS BY HYDROCORTISONE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Oct;52:1121–1129. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.4.1121. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOLDSTEIN L., STELLA E. J., KNOX W. E. The effect of hydrocortisone on tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase and tryptophan pyrrolase activities in the isolated, perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1962 May;237:1723–1726. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GREENGARD O., FEIGELSON P. The activation and induction of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase in vivo by its substrate. J Biol Chem. 1961 Jan;236:158–161. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GREENGARD O., SMITH M. A., ACS G. Relation of cortisone and synthesis of ribonucleic acid to induced and developmental enzyme formation. J Biol Chem. 1963 Apr;238:1548–1551. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KENNEY F. T., FLORA R. M. Induction of tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase in rat liver. I. Hormonal nature. J Biol Chem. 1961 Oct;236:2699–2702. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KENNEY F. T., KULL F. J. HYDROCORTISONE-STIMULATED SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEAR RNA IN ENZYME INDUCTION. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Sep;50:493–499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.50.3.493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KNOX W. E., AUERBACH V. H. The hormonal control of tryptophan peroxidase in the rat. J Biol Chem. 1955 May;214(1):307–313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LIN E. C., KNOX W. E. Adaptation of the rat liver tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1957 Oct;26(1):85–88. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(57)90057-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MORAN J. F., SOURKES T. L. INDUCTION OF TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE BY ALPHA-METHYLTRYPTOPHAN AND ITS METABOLIC SIGNIFICANCE IN VIVO. J Biol Chem. 1963 Sep;238:3006–3008. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NEMETH A. M. The effect of 5-fluorouracil on the developmental and adaptive formation of tryptophan pyrrolase. J Biol Chem. 1962 Dec;237:3703–3706. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REICH E. ACTINOMYCIN: CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ITS COMPLEXES WITH PURINES AND DNA. Science. 1964 Feb 14;143(3607):684–689. doi: 10.1126/science.143.3607.684. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REICH E., FRANKLIN R. M., SHATKIN A. J., TATUM E. L. Effect of actinomycin D on cellular nucleic acid synthesis and virus production. Science. 1961 Aug 25;134(3478):556–557. doi: 10.1126/science.134.3478.556. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REVEL M., HIATT H. H., REVEL J. P. ACTINOMYCIN D: AN EFFECT ON RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES UNRELATED TO ITS ACTION ON RNA SYNTHESIS. Science. 1964 Dec 4;146(3649):1311–1313. doi: 10.1126/science.146.3649.1311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSEN F., HARDING H. R., MILHOLLAND R. J., NICHOL C. A. GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY. VI. COMPARISON OF THE ADAPTIVE INCREASES OF ALANINE- AND TYROSINE-ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE TRANSAMINASES. J Biol Chem. 1963 Nov;238:3725–3729. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SCHIMKE R. T., SWEENEY E. W., BERLIN C. M. THE ROLES OF SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN THE CONTROL OF RAT LIVER TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE. J Biol Chem. 1965 Jan;240:322–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schimke R. T., Sweeney E. W., Berlin C. M. An analysis of the kinetics of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase induction: the significance of both enzyme synthesis and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1964 Mar 26;15(3):214–219. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(64)90148-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TANAKA T., KNOX W. E. The nature and mechanism of the tryptophan pyrrolase (peroxidase-oxidase) reaction of Pseudomonas and of rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1959 May;234(5):1162–1170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]