Fig. 3.

Multi-level model of memory and intelligence. Complex phenotype model showing overlap in genetic targets as well as signaling and neural systems between disparate latent constructs of memory and intelligence. Shows five levels of phenotype complexity (gene, signaling, neural, cognitive, and syndrome). Grey lines represent widely held belief and references that support those relationships but not quantitatively reviewed. Red lines show cumulative literature co-occurrence with Jaccard coefficient labels. Green lines represent Cohen’s d effect size estimates determined from this review. Green line labels give average weighted effect size and cumulative sample size that contributed to the effect.