FIG. 5.

Injection of obELVs leads to the intolerance of glucose uptake, insulin resistance, and induction of inflammatory cytokines of mice. A and B: Wild-type B6 mice or TLR4 knockout of B6 mice (n = 10) were injected intravenously with obELVs or wtELVs (30 μg/mouse in 200 μl of PBS) every 3 days for 21 days. One day after the last injection (day 22), mice were fasted either overnight before receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg of dextrose/g body wt for glucose tolerance testing (A) or fasted for 4 h before receiving recombinant human insulin (1 unit/kg i.p.) for insulin responsiveness testing (B). Blood samples were taken at the indicated times (n = 10). Data are means ± SE, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. In addition, serum TNF-α and IL-6 was also quantified using a standard ELISA at 4 h after the last injection (C). Data are means ± SE, **P < 0.01. KO, knockout.