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Paw withdrawal latency values of the operative paw (color) versus the unblocked control paw (black) for each drug dose. The analgesic effects of ropivacaine (A) and ropivacaine plus different doses of dexmedetomidine (B-E) were significantly greater in the operative paws. There was little systemic analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine as measured by paw withdrawal latencies of the unblocked control paws. DEX = dexmedetomidine; PWL = paw withdrawal latency.
