Table 3.
Risk factors for any grade of left ventricular dysfunction by univariate analysis with Mantel Haenzsel odds ratios adjusted for age and sex (n=817)
| Risk factor |
% (No) of patients
|
Odds ratio | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (95% CI) | ||||
| With left ventricular dysfunction (n=61) | With no left ventricular dysfunction (n=756) | |||
| Male | 79 (48) | 43 (327) | 5.0* (2.6 to 9.6) | <0.001 |
| Never smoked | 21 (13) | 35 (268) | 1 (baseline) | — |
| Former smoker | 72 (44) | 55 (418) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) | 0.430 |
| Current smoker | 7 (4) | 9 (70) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.3) | 0.620 |
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 70-74 | 34 (21) | 45 (343) | 1 (baseline) | — |
| 75-79 | 33 (20) | 35 (268) | 1.4† (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.339 |
| 80-84 | 33 (20) | 19 (145) | 2.5† (1.3 to 4.9) | 0.005 |
| Self reported history | ||||
| Any heart disease | 80 (49) | 50 (377) | 4.1 (2.1 to 8.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension‡ | 41 (25) | 35 (263) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.5) | 0.207 |
| Angina | 48 (29) | 16 (119) | 4.3 (2.5 to 7.6) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 39 (24) | 9 (70) | 4.9 (2.7 to 9.0) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 34 (21) | 6 (45) | 7.3 (3.8 to 14) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 15 (9) | 4 (33) | 3.1 (1.3 to 7.5) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes | 10 (6) | 6 (43) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.5) | 0.258 |
*
Age adjusted only.
†
Sex adjusted only.
‡
Including clinical measurement of blood pressure (systolic ⩾160 mmHg or diastolic ⩾90 mmHg) reduced odds ratio to 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 1.8).