Table 1.
Characteristic of subjects with NGT, IGT, and type 2 diabetes
| Men |
Women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI |
P | Mean | 95% CI |
P | |||
| Low | High | Low | High | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| NGT | 55.7 | 52.4 | 59.0 | 48.7 | 44.5 | 52.8 | ||
| IGT | 58.9 | 51.9 | 65.9 | 60.5* | 53.2 | 67.8 | ||
| T2D | 60.7 | 58.3 | 63.2 | 0.06 | 57.0* | 52.4 | 61.8 | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| NGT | 29.7 | 28.3 | 31.1 | 30.3 | 26.8 | 33.7 | ||
| IGT | 33.0 | 30.5 | 35.4 | 31.3 | 27.1 | 35.4 | ||
| T2D | 30.4 | 29.2 | 31.7 | 0.06 | 31.8 | 28.3 | 35.3 | 0.81 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| NGT | 106.2 | 102.7 | 109.8 | 95.3 | 86.7 | 104.0 | ||
| IGT | 114.7* | 109.0 | 120.4 | 99.2 | 92.4 | 106.0 | ||
| T2D | 108.7 | 105.5 | 111.8 | 0.05 | 100.2 | 93.0 | 107.4 | 0.64 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||||||
| NGT | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.91 | ||
| IGT | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.88 | ||
| T2D | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.07 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.69 |
| Glucose (mmol/l)† | ||||||||
| NGT | 5.23 | 5.11 | 5.35 | 5.00 | 4.85 | 5.22 | ||
| IGT | 5.83 | 5.55 | 6.12 | 5.97* | 5.61 | 6.35 | ||
| T2D | 9.39*‡ | 8.54 | 10.31 | <0.001 | 7.93*‡ | 6.60 | 9.53 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (pmol/l)† | ||||||||
| NGT | 46.5 | 40.4 | 53.5 | 39.5 | 30.1 | 51.7 | ||
| IGT | 95.8* | 73.7 | 124.5 | 63.4 | 48.6 | 82.9 | ||
| T2D | 71.2* | 58.1 | 87.2 | 0.001 | 69.8* | 48.8 | 100.0 | 0.01 |
| A1C (%)† | ||||||||
| NGT | 5.51 | 5.44 | 5.57 | 5.57 | 5.44 | 5.71 | ||
| IGT | 5.90 | 5.78 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 5.84 | 6.20 | ||
| T2D | 7.26*‡ | 6.90 | 7.64 | <0.001 | 6.71*‡ | 6.20 | 7.25 | <0.001 |
| HOMA score† | ||||||||
| NGT | 0.88 | 0.76 | 1.01 | 0.74 | 0.57 | 0.96 | ||
| IGT | 1.83* | 1.42 | 2.37 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 1.62 | ||
| T2D | 1.63* | 1.32 | 2.01 | <0.001 | 1.49* | 1.03 | 2.15 | 0.002 |
| FGF-21, plasma (pg/ml)† | ||||||||
| NGT | 103.3 | 79.6 | 134.2 | 99.6 | 78.2 | 126.9 | ||
| IGT | 143.3 | 116.9 | 175.8 | 151.0 | 105.2 | 216.6 | ||
| T2D | 149.0 | 119.8 | 185.4 | 0.07 | 136.0 | 98.9 | 186.9 | 0.09 |
| FGF-21, mRNA (expression/GAPDH)†‡§ | ||||||||
| NGT | 1.83 | 1.28 | 2.63 | 2.14 | 1.23 | 3.73 | ||
| IGT | 1.83 | 0.84 | 3.97 | 3.68 | 1.67 | 8.10 | ||
| T2D | 2.62 | 1.85 | 3.71 | 0.33 | 4.28 | 1.07 | 6.18 | 0.54 |
For men, n = 59 NGT, 18 IGT, and 65 type 2 diabetic (T2D); for women, n = 27 NGT, 12 IGT, and 17 type 2 diabetic. P value is shown for one-way ANOVA.
*Statistical significant difference from NGT (P < 0.05) after Tukey post hoc test.
†Log-transformed before analysis; data shown as geometric mean.
‡Statistical significant difference from IGT (P < 0.05) after Tukey post hoc test.
§Number of subjects: men is 56 NGT/14 IGT/52 type 2 diabetic and women 24 NGT/11 IGT/13 type 2 diabetic.