Skip to main content

Some NLM-NCBI services and products are experiencing heavy traffic, which may affect performance and availability. We apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience. For assistance, please contact our Help Desk at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1988 Mar;85(5):1652–1656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1652

An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.

S Kenney 1, J Kamine 1, D Markovitz 1, R Fenrick 1, J Pagano 1
PMCID: PMC279832  PMID: 2830625

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV-CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV-CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBV gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses.

Full text

PDF
1652

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baer R., Bankier A. T., Biggin M. D., Deininger P. L., Farrell P. J., Gibson T. J., Hatfull G., Hudson G. S., Satchwell S. C., Séguin C. DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature. 1984 Jul 19;310(5974):207–211. doi: 10.1038/310207a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benn S., Rutledge R., Folks T., Gold J., Baker L., McCormick J., Feorino P., Piot P., Quinn T., Martin M. Genomic heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from North America and Zaire. Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):949–951. doi: 10.1126/science.2997922. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90272-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Casareale D., Sinangil F., Hedeskog M., Ward W., Volsky D. J., Sonnabend J. Establishment of retrovirus-, Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from individuals at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS Res. 1983 1984;1(4):253–270. doi: 10.1089/aid.1.1983.1.253. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chevallier-Greco A., Manet E., Chavrier P., Mosnier C., Daillie J., Sergeant A. Both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded trans-acting factors, EB1 and EB2, are required to activate transcription from an EBV early promoter. EMBO J. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3243–3249. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04635.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cullen B. R. Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. Cell. 1986 Sep 26;46(7):973–982. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90696-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Davis M. G., Kenney S. C., Kamine J., Pagano J. S., Huang E. S. Immediate-early gene region of human cytomegalovirus trans-activates the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8642–8646. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8642. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. EPSTEIN M. A., ACHONG B. G., BARR Y. M. VIRUS PARTICLES IN CULTURED LYMPHOBLASTS FROM BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA. Lancet. 1964 Mar 28;1(7335):702–703. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(64)91524-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fauci A. S., Macher A. M., Longo D. L., Lane H. C., Rook A. H., Masur H., Gelmann E. P. NIH conference. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic, and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Jan;100(1):92–106. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-92. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Favaloro J., Treisman R., Kamen R. Transcription maps of polyoma virus-specific RNA: analysis by two-dimensional nuclease S1 gel mapping. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):718–749. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65070-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Feinberg M. B., Jarrett R. F., Aldovini A., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA. Cell. 1986 Sep 12;46(6):807–817. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90062-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fisher A. G., Ratner L., Mitsuya H., Marselle L. M., Harper M. E., Broder S., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects. Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):655–659. doi: 10.1126/science.3014663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gendelman H. E., Phelps W., Feigenbaum L., Ostrove J. M., Adachi A., Howley P. M., Khoury G., Ginsberg H. S., Martin M. A. Trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by DNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9759–9763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Henle W., Henle G., Ho H. C., Burtin P., Cachin Y., Clifford P., de Schryver A., de-Thé G., Diehl V., Klein G. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, other head and neck neoplasms, and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1970 Jan;44(1):225–231. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kenney S., Natarajan V., Salzman N. P. Mapping 5' termini of JC virus late RNA. J Virol. 1986 Apr;58(1):216–219. doi: 10.1128/jvi.58.1.216-219.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lieberman P. M., O'Hare P., Hayward G. S., Hayward S. D. Promiscuous trans activation of gene expression by an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded early nuclear protein. J Virol. 1986 Oct;60(1):140–148. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.1.140-148.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Luciw P. A., Cheng-Mayer C., Levy J. A. Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus: the orf-B region down-regulates virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1434–1438. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1434. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mosca J. D., Bednarik D. P., Raj N. B., Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A., Pitha P. M. Herpes simplex virus type-1 can reactivate transcription of latent human immunodeficiency virus. Nature. 1987 Jan 1;325(6099):67–70. doi: 10.1038/325067a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Muesing M. A., Smith D. H., Capon D. J. Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. Cell. 1987 Feb 27;48(4):691–701. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90247-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. O'Hare P., Hayward G. S. Three trans-acting regulatory proteins of herpes simplex virus modulate immediate-early gene expression in a pathway involving positive and negative feedback regulation. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):723–733. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.723-733.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Peterlin B. M., Luciw P. A., Barr P. J., Walker M. D. Elevated levels of mRNA can account for the trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9734–9738. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Polack A., Hartl G., Zimber U., Freese U. K., Laux G., Takaki K., Hohn B., Gissmann L., Bornkamm G. W. A complete set of overlapping cosmid clones of M-ABA virus derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its similarity to other Epstein-Barr virus isolates. Gene. 1984 Mar;27(3):279–288. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90072-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rabson A. B., Martin M. A. Molecular organization of the AIDS retrovirus. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):477–480. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90189-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rinaldo C. R., Jr, Kingsley L. A., Lyter D. W., Rabin B. S., Atchison R. W., Bodner A. J., Weiss S. H., Saxinger W. C. Association of HTLV-III with Epstein-Barr virus infection and abnormalities of T lymphocytes in homosexual men. J Infect Dis. 1986 Oct;154(4):556–561. doi: 10.1093/infdis/154.4.556. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Robinson J. E., Brown N., Andiman W., Halliday K., Francke U., Robert M. F., Andersson-Anvret M., Horstmann D., Miller G. Diffuse polyclonal B-cell lymphoma during primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus. N Engl J Med. 1980 Jun 5;302(23):1293–1297. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198006053022306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Goh W. C., Dayton A. I., Lippke J., Haseltine W. A. Post-transcriptional regulation accounts for the trans-activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III. Nature. 1986 Feb 13;319(6054):555–559. doi: 10.1038/319555a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A. The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) long terminal repeat. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):813–823. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80062-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sodroski J., Goh W. C., Rosen C., Dayton A., Terwilliger E., Haseltine W. A second post-transcriptional trans-activator gene required for HTLV-III replication. Nature. 1986 May 22;321(6068):412–417. doi: 10.1038/321412a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sodroski J., Patarca R., Rosen C., Wong-Staal F., Haseltine W. Location of the trans-activating region on the genome of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):74–77. doi: 10.1126/science.2990041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Sodroski J., Rosen C., Wong-Staal F., Salahuddin S. Z., Popovic M., Arya S., Gallo R. C., Haseltine W. A. Trans-acting transcriptional regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type III long terminal repeat. Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):171–173. doi: 10.1126/science.2981427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Takada K., Shimizu N., Sakuma S., Ono Y. trans activation of the latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome after transfection of the EBV DNA fragment. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):1016–1022. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.1016-1022.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wong K. M., Levine A. J. Identification and mapping of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens and demonstration of a viral gene activator that functions in trans. J Virol. 1986 Oct;60(1):149–156. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.1.149-156.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ziegler J. L., Beckstead J. A., Volberding P. A., Abrams D. I., Levine A. M., Lukes R. J., Gill P. S., Burkes R. L., Meyer P. R., Metroka C. E. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 90 homosexual men. Relation to generalized lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1984 Aug 30;311(9):565–570. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198408303110904. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Ziegler J. L., Drew W. L., Miner R. C., Mintz L., Rosenbaum E., Gershow J., Lennette E. T., Greenspan J., Shillitoe E., Beckstead J. Outbreak of Burkitt's-like lymphoma in homosexual men. Lancet. 1982 Sep 18;2(8299):631–633. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92740-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES