Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1988 Sep;85(17):6337–6341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.17.6337

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: identification of threonine-286 as the autophosphorylation site in the alpha subunit associated with the generation of Ca2+-independent activity.

G Thiel 1, A J Czernik 1, F Gorelick 1, A C Nairn 1, P Greengard 1
PMCID: PMC281965  PMID: 2842767

Abstract

Autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II converts the enzyme to a Ca2+-independent form. The time course for this conversion correlates with the autophosphorylation of a threonine residue located within a thermolytic phosphopeptide common to the alpha and beta/beta' subunits. In the present study, this site was identified in the alpha subunit. After autophosphorylation under conditions that produced near-maximal Ca2+-independent activity, the alpha and beta/beta' subunits were separated by NaDodSO4/PAGE, and the alpha subunit was cleaved with cyanogen bromide. The major phosphopeptide (CB-1), containing phosphothreonine as the only radiolabeled amino acid, was purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and subjected to automated gas-phase Edman degradation. The sequence obtained, Xaa-Arg-Gln-Glu-Thr-Val-Asp-Xaa-Leu-Lys-Lys-Phe-Asn-Ala-Arg-Arg-Lys-Leu, represented the NH2-terminal 18 residues (residues 282-299) of a 26-amino acid cyanogen bromide peptide predicted from the deduced primary structure of the alpha subunit and contained a consensus sequence for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II phosphorylation that included Thr-286. The sequences obtained for two phosphopeptides derived from secondary chymotryptic digestion of CB-1 confirmed that Thr-286 was the phosphorylated residue.

Full text

PDF
6337

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bennett M. K., Erondu N. E., Kennedy M. B. Purification and characterization of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is highly concentrated in brain. J Biol Chem. 1983 Oct 25;258(20):12735–12744. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bennett M. K., Kennedy M. B. Deduced primary structure of the beta subunit of brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase determined by molecular cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(7):1794–1798. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.7.1794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bulleit R. F., Bennett M. K., Molloy S. S., Hurley J. B., Kennedy M. B. Conserved and variable regions in the subunits of brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Neuron. 1988 Mar;1(1):63–72. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90210-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Czernik A. J., Pang D. T., Greengard P. Amino acid sequences surrounding the cAMP-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation sites in rat and bovine synapsin I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7518–7522. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Grand R. J., Perry S. V., Weeks R. A. Troponin C-like proteins (calmodulins) from mammalian smooth muscle and other tissues. Biochem J. 1979 Feb 1;177(2):521–529. doi: 10.1042/bj1770521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hanley R. M., Means A. R., Ono T., Kemp B. E., Burgin K. E., Waxham N., Kelly P. T. Functional analysis of a complementary DNA for the 50-kilodalton subunit of calmodulin kinase II. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):293–297. doi: 10.1126/science.3037704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Henderson L. E., Oroszlan S., Konigsberg W. A micromethod for complete removal of dodecyl sulfate from proteins by ion-pair extraction. Anal Biochem. 1979 Feb;93(1):153–157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hodges R. S., Merrifield R. B. Monitoring of solid phase peptide synthesis by an automated spectrophotometric picrate method. Anal Biochem. 1975 May 12;65(1-2):241–272. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90509-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. House C., Kemp B. E. Protein kinase C contains a pseudosubstrate prototope in its regulatory domain. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1726–1728. doi: 10.1126/science.3686012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hunkapiller M. W., Hewick R. M., Dreyer W. J., Hood L. E. High-sensitivity sequencing with a gas-phase sequenator. Methods Enzymol. 1983;91:399–413. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(83)91038-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kemp B. E., Pearson R. B., Guerriero V., Jr, Bagchi I. C., Means A. R. The calmodulin binding domain of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase contains a pseudosubstrate sequence. J Biol Chem. 1987 Feb 25;262(6):2542–2548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kennedy M. B., McGuinness T., Greengard P. A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from mammalian brain that phosphorylates Synapsin I: partial purification and characterization. J Neurosci. 1983 Apr;3(4):818–831. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-04-00818.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kwiatkowski A. P., Shell D. J., King M. M. The role of autophosphorylation in activation of the type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 15;263(14):6484–6486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lai Y., Nairn A. C., Gorelick F., Greengard P. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: identification of autophosphorylation sites responsible for generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5710–5714. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.16.5710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lai Y., Nairn A. C., Greengard P. Autophosphorylation reversibly regulates the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependence of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4253–4257. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lin C. R., Kapiloff M. S., Durgerian S., Tatemoto K., Russo A. F., Hanson P., Schulman H., Rosenfeld M. G. Molecular cloning of a brain-specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5962–5966. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.16.5962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lou L. L., Lloyd S. J., Schulman H. Activation of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by autophosphorylation: ATP modulates production of an autonomous enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9497–9501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McGuinness T. L., Lai Y., Greengard P. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Isozymic forms from rat forebrain and cerebellum. J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1696–1704. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Miller S. G., Kennedy M. B. Regulation of brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by autophosphorylation: a Ca2+-triggered molecular switch. Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):861–870. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90008-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nairn A. C., Hemmings H. C., Jr, Greengard P. Protein kinases in the brain. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:931–976. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Payne M. E., Fong Y. L., Ono T., Colbran R. J., Kemp B. E., Soderling T. R., Means A. R. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Characterization of distinct calmodulin binding and inhibitory domains. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 25;263(15):7190–7195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pearson R. B., Woodgett J. R., Cohen P., Kemp B. E. Substrate specificity of a multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14471–14476. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Saitoh T., Schwartz J. H. Phosphorylation-dependent subcellular translocation of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase produces an autonomous enzyme in Aplysia neurons. J Cell Biol. 1985 Mar;100(3):835–842. doi: 10.1083/jcb.100.3.835. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schworer C. M., Colbran R. J., Soderling T. R. Reversible generation of a Ca2+-independent form of Ca2+(calmodulin)-dependent protein kinase II by an autophosphorylation mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 5;261(19):8581–8584. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wessel D., Flügge U. I. A method for the quantitative recovery of protein in dilute solution in the presence of detergents and lipids. Anal Biochem. 1984 Apr;138(1):141–143. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90782-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES