Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1988 Dec;85(23):8914–8918. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8914

cDNA encoding the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of Trypanosoma brucei.

D Hereld 1, G W Hart 1, P T Englund 1
PMCID: PMC282617  PMID: 3194399

Abstract

VSG lipase of Trypanosoma brucei specifically cleaves the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), releasing this protein from the plasma membrane. It also cleaves similar membrane anchors on some mammalian proteins. VSG lipase may play a role in processes such as parasite differentiation or antigenic variation. We describe here the cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding VSG lipase from T. brucei.

Full text

PDF
8914

Images in this article

8916Image
on p.8916

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bennett C. F., Balcarek J. M., Varrichio A., Crooke S. T. Molecular cloning and complete amino-acid sequence of form-I phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. Nature. 1988 Jul 21;334(6179):268–270. doi: 10.1038/334268a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Borst P. Discontinuous transcription and antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:701–732. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bülow R., Overath P. Purification and characterization of the membrane-form variant surface glycoprotein hydrolase of Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 5;261(25):11918–11923. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cardoso de Almeida M. L., Turner M. J. The membrane form of variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei. Nature. 1983 Mar 24;302(5906):349–352. doi: 10.1038/302349a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cross G. A. Eukaryotic protein modification and membrane attachment via phosphatidylinositol. Cell. 1987 Jan 30;48(2):179–181. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90419-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davitz M. A., Hereld D., Shak S., Krakow J., Englund P. T., Nussenzweig V. A glycan-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D in human serum. Science. 1987 Oct 2;238(4823):81–84. doi: 10.1126/science.2443973. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dorfman D. M., Donelson J. E. Characterization of the 1.35 kilobase DNA repeat unit containing the conserved 35 nucleotides at the 5'-termini of variable surface glycoprotein mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 25;12(12):4907–4920. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.12.4907. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ferguson M. A., Homans S. W., Dwek R. A., Rademacher T. W. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol moiety that anchors Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein to the membrane. Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):753–759. doi: 10.1126/science.3340856. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ferguson M. A., Williams A. F. Cell-surface anchoring of proteins via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol structures. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:285–320. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.001441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fox J. A., Duszenko M., Ferguson M. A., Low M. G., Cross G. A. Purification and characterization of a novel glycan-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 25;261(33):15767–15771. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fox J. A., Soliz N. M., Saltiel A. R. Purification of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase C from liver plasma membranes: a possible target of insulin action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2663–2667. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gabriel A., Sisodia S. S., Cleveland D. W. Evidence of discontinuous transcription in the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):16192–16199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Grab D. J., Webster P., Ito S., Fish W. R., Verjee Y., Lonsdale-Eccles J. D. Subcellular localization of a variable surface glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C in African trypanosomes. J Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;105(2):737–746. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.2.737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hereld D., Krakow J. L., Bangs J. D., Hart G. W., Englund P. T. A phospholipase C from Trypanosoma brucei which selectively cleaves the glycolipid on the variant surface glycoprotein. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 15;261(29):13813–13819. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Katan M., Kriz R. W., Totty N., Philp R., Meldrum E., Aldape R. A., Knopf J. L., Parker P. J. Determination of the primary structure of PLC-154 demonstrates diversity of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activities. Cell. 1988 Jul 15;54(2):171–177. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90549-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kyte J., Doolittle R. F. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol. 1982 May 5;157(1):105–132. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90515-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Low M. G., Prasad A. R. A phospholipase D specific for the phosphatidylinositol anchor of cell-surface proteins is abundant in plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):980–984. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Low M. G., Saltiel A. R. Structural and functional roles of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol in membranes. Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):268–275. doi: 10.1126/science.3276003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Overath P., Czichos J., Stock U., Nonnengaesser C. Repression of glycoprotein synthesis and release of surface coat during transformation of Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 1983;2(10):1721–1728. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01648.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Saltiel A. R., Fox J. A., Sherline P., Cuatrecasas P. Insulin-stimulated hydrolysis of a novel glycolipid generates modulators of cAMP phosphodiesterase. Science. 1986 Aug 29;233(4767):967–972. doi: 10.1126/science.3016898. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schneider C., Newman R. A., Sutherland D. R., Asser U., Greaves M. F. A one-step purification of membrane proteins using a high efficiency immunomatrix. J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 25;257(18):10766–10769. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sefton B. M., Buss J. E. The covalent modification of eukaryotic proteins with lipid. J Cell Biol. 1987 Jun;104(6):1449–1453. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.6.1449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stahl M. L., Ferenz C. R., Kelleher K. L., Kriz R. W., Knopf J. L. Sequence similarity of phospholipase C with the non-catalytic region of src. Nature. 1988 Mar 17;332(6161):269–272. doi: 10.1038/332269a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Suh P. G., Ryu S. H., Moon K. H., Suh H. W., Rhee S. G. Cloning and sequence of multiple forms of phospholipase C. Cell. 1988 Jul 15;54(2):161–169. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90548-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Suh P. G., Ryu S. H., Moon K. H., Suh H. W., Rhee S. G. Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C: complete cDNA and protein sequences and sequence homology to tyrosine kinase-related oncogene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(15):5419–5423. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Vickerman K. On the surface coat and flagellar adhesion in trypanosomes. J Cell Sci. 1969 Jul;5(1):163–193. doi: 10.1242/jcs.5.1.163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Wessel D., Flügge U. I. A method for the quantitative recovery of protein in dilute solution in the presence of detergents and lipids. Anal Biochem. 1984 Apr;138(1):141–143. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90782-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Wickner W. T., Lodish H. F. Multiple mechanisms of protein insertion into and across membranes. Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):400–407. doi: 10.1126/science.4048938. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Young R. A., Davis R. W. Yeast RNA polymerase II genes: isolation with antibody probes. Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):778–782. doi: 10.1126/science.6356359. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES