Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1970 Sep;67(1):156–163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.1.156

Bilateral Symmetry in Morphogenesis of Embryos

Herbert Jehle 1
PMCID: PMC283182  PMID: 5272310

Abstract

It is suggested that differentiated embryonic cells have a high specificity of molecular constitution as regards the surface layers surrounding their cellular membranes. Correspondingly, specific interface energies may characterize the early contacts between different cell types. The question is raised whether the morphology of the developing embryo may be understood in terms of cellular arrangements which minimize the total interface energy. Bilateral symmetry prevalent in early embryonic development of higher animals might be understood on the basis of the adoption of such a minimum energy principle if, in addition, one assumes that embryonic development is uniquely determined for a particular species.

Full text

PDF
156

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ashwell G., Volk W. A. Isolation and identification of N-acetyl-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose, a cell wall constituent of Xanthomonas campestris. J Biol Chem. 1965 Dec;240(12):4549–4555. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. GESNER B. M., GINSBURG V. EFFECT OF GLYCOSIDASES ON THE FATE OF TRANSFUSED LYMPHOCYTES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Sep;52:750–755. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.3.750. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. GREGG J. H. DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES IN CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS. Physiol Rev. 1964 Oct;44:631–656. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1964.44.4.631. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kalckar H. M. Galactose metabolism and cell "sociology". Science. 1965 Oct 15;150(3694):305–313. doi: 10.1126/science.150.3694.305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Keith H. D., Padden F. J., Jr, Vadimsky R. G. Intercrystalline Links in Bulk Polyethylene. Science. 1965 Nov 19;150(3699):1026–1027. doi: 10.1126/science.150.3699.1026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kury G., Rev-Kury L. H., Crosby R. J. The effect of selenous acid on the hematopoietic system of chicken embryos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1967 Nov;11(3):449–458. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(67)90046-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Loewenstein W. R., Kanno Y. Intercellular communication and the control of tissue growth: lack of communication between cancer cells. Nature. 1966 Mar 19;209(5029):1248–1249. doi: 10.1038/2091248a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. SPERRY R. W. CHEMOAFFINITY IN THE ORDERLY GROWTH OF NERVE FIBER PATTERNS AND CONNECTIONS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Oct;50:703–710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.50.4.703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. STEINBERG M. S. Reconstruction of tissues by dissociated cells. Some morphogenetic tissue movements and the sorting out of embryonic cells may have a common explanation. Science. 1963 Aug 2;141(3579):401–408. doi: 10.1126/science.141.3579.401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Steinberg M. S. Does differential adhesion govern self-assembly processes in histogenesis? Equilibrium configurations and the emergence of a hierarchy among populations of embryonic cells. J Exp Zool. 1970 Apr;173(4):395–433. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401730406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Yos J. M., Bade W. L., Jehle H. SPECIFICITY OF THE LONDON-EISENSCHITZ WANG FORCE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1957 Apr 15;43(4):341–346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.43.4.341. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES