Abstract
Thirty-two infants and children ranging in age from 3 to 151 months (mean, 26 months) were treated with parenteral cefoxitin (150 mg/kg per day). Ten patients with isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (six with cellulitis, two with arthritis, and two with mastoiditis), four with Staphylococcus aureus (one with lymphadenitis, one with septicemia, and two with abscess), and three patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae (one each with cellulitis, abscess, and arthritis), were clinically and bacteriologically cured by therapy. Two additional patients with septic arthritis and facial cellulitis developed meningitis with H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae, respectively. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were ≤5 μg/ml for 15 isolates. Minimal bactericidal concentrations were >20 μg/ml for one strain of S. aureus and one of H. influenzae type b. The mean peak serum levels were 81.9 and 68.5 μg/ml 15 min after intravenous or intramuscular doses, respectively. The mean elimination half-lives were 42.4 and 40.1 min after intravenous or intramuscular doses, respectively. The mean volumes of distribution were 5,540 and 4,760 ml after intravenous and intramuscular doses, respectively. Mean plasma clearance was 242 and 257 ml/min per m2 after intravenous and intramuscular doses, respectively. Therapy was discontinued in one patient because of neutropenia, which resolved after cefoxitin was stopped. Eosinophilia and transiently elevated liver function tests occurred in eight and six patients, respectively. These data indicate that cefoxitin may be an effective treatment for infections due to susceptible bacteria in the dosage tested, but its use may be limited because of the occurrence of meningitis during therapy in some patients.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams H. G., Stilwell G. A., Turck M. In vitro evaluation of cefoxitin and cefamandole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Jun;9(6):1019–1024. doi: 10.1128/aac.9.6.1019. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eickhoff T. C., Ehret J. M. In vitro comparison of cefoxitin, cefamandole, cephalexin, and cephalothin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Jun;9(6):994–999. doi: 10.1128/aac.9.6.994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodwin C. S., Raftery E. B., Goldberg A. D., Skeggs H., Till A. E., Martin C. M. Effects of rate of infusion and probenecid on serum levels, renal excretion, and tolerance of intravenous doses of cefoxitin in humans: comparison with cephalothin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974 Sep;6(3):338–346. doi: 10.1128/aac.6.3.338. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gurpide E., Mann J. Interpretation of isotopic data obtained from blood-borne compounds. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1970 Jun;30(6):707–718. doi: 10.1210/jcem-30-6-707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gurwith M., Albritton W., Lank B., Harding G., Ronald A. Prospective comparison of cefoxitin and cefazolin in infections caused by aerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Feb;13(2):255–260. doi: 10.1128/aac.13.2.255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heseltine P. N., Busch D. F., Meyer R. D., Finegold S. M. Cefoxitin: clinical evaluation in thirty-eight patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Mar;11(3):427–434. doi: 10.1128/aac.11.3.427. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacobson J. A., Santos J. I., Palmer W. M. Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of cefoxitin therapy in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979 Aug;16(2):183–185. doi: 10.1128/aac.16.2.183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCloskey R. V. Results of a clinical trial of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Nov;12(5):636–641. doi: 10.1128/aac.12.5.636. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nair S. R., Cherubin C. E. Use of cefoxitin, new cephalosporin-like antibiotic, in the treatment of aerobic and anaerobic infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Dec;14(6):866–875. doi: 10.1128/aac.14.6.866. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norrby R., Brorsson J. E., Seeberg S. Comparative study of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin, cefuroxine, and cephaloridine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Mar;9(3):506–510. doi: 10.1128/aac.9.3.506. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simon H. J., Yin E. J. Microbioassay of antimicrobial agents. Appl Microbiol. 1970 Apr;19(4):573–579. doi: 10.1128/am.19.4.573-579.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]