Table 4.

 Logistic regression model of factors associated with invasive bacterial disease in all children in study

Factors	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
WHO criteria	2.20 (1.74 to 2.79)**	1.67 (1.28 to 2.17)**
Meningo-encephalopathy	1.84 (1.28 to 2.64)**
Malaria with shock	0.59 (0.34 to 1.00)
Very severe pneumonia	2.16 (1.67 to 2.81)**
Severe pneumonia	1.85 (1.25 to 2.74)**
Non-severe pneumonia	0.98 (0.75 to 1.28)
Septicaemia	5.58 (3.92 to 7.96)**
Severe acute malnutrition	1.72 (0.72 to 4.13)
HIV positive	2.38 (1.54 to 3.68)**	1.47 (0.91 to 2.35)
Axillary temperature >38°C	1.34 (1.07 to 1.67)*	1.44 (1.13 to 1.84)**
Prostration†	1.42 (1.03 to 1.95)*	1.01 (0.65 to 1.55)
Shock	1.14 (0.69 to 1.88)	0.90 (0.50 to 1.60)
Haemoglobin <5 g/dl	1.43 (1.08 to 1.89)*	1.56 (1.13 to 2.14)**
Glucose <2.5 mmol/l	2.33 (1.44 to 3.75)**	2.46 (1.39 to 4.35)**
Lactate >5 mmol/l	1.46 (1.07 to 1.99)*
Slide positive	0.24 (0.19 to 0.30)**
RDT positive, slide negative‡	2.90 (2.24 to 3.75)**	1.29 (0.95 to 1.75)
Slide positive <5000/μl	0.84 (0.58 to 1.23)	0.55 (0.36 to 0.84)**
Slide positive 5000-50 000/μl	0.27 (0.19 to 0.40)**	0.20 (0.13 to 0.31)**
Slide positive >50 000/μl	0.35 (0.24 to 0.50)**	0.24 (0.16 to 0.37)**

RDT=rapid diagnostic test.

*P<0.05.

**P<0.001.

†Inability to sit unsupported or, if age <8 months, inability to drink.

‡RDT positive and slide negative assumed to indicate recent infection with P falciparum.