Table 6.
Proportion (%) of bacterial isolates susceptible in vitro to recommended and other commonly available antimicrobials by WHO “guidelines for care at first-referral level” criteria for antimicrobial treatment*
| Amp/chlor | Pen/chlor | Chlor | Pen/gent† | Pen | Amoxy | Co-trimox | Amp/ gent† | Ceftriaxone | Pen/ cipro | Azithromycin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meningo-encephalopathy | 22/34 (65)‡ | 19/34 (56) | 16/32 (50) | 22/24 (92) | 5/38 (13) | 13/34 (38) | 6/25 (24) | 28/29 (97) | 31/31 (100) | 12/13 (92) | 26/29 (90) |
| Malaria with shock | 2/6 (33) | 2/6 (33)‡ | 2/6 (33) | 4/5 (80) | 0/6 (0) | 2/6 (33) | 3/5 (60) | 4/5 (80) | 5/6 (83) | 5/5 (100) | 3/8 (38) |
| Very severe pneumonia | 32/62 (52) | 31/63(49) | 26/62 (42)‡ | 54/60 (90) | 16/65 (25) | 26/62 (42) | 17/58 (29) | 55/60 (92) | 60/61 (98) | 53/53 (100) | 38/55 (69) |
| Severe pneumonia | 20/29 (69) | 19/30 (63) | 17/29 (59) | 29/29 (100) | 10/30 (33)‡ | 18/29 (62) | 9/26 (35) | 29/29 (100) | 30/30 (100) | 23/23 (100) | 27/35 (77) |
| Non-severe pneumonia | 38/69 (55) | 36/69 (52) | 30/66 (46) | 63/72 (88) | 16/76 (21) | 32/71 (45)‡ | 21/66 (32) | 63/72 (88) | 71/72 (996) | 67/67 (100) | 57/86 (66) |
| Septicaemia | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50)‡ | 1/2 (50) | 3/3 (100) | 1/3 (33) | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) | 3/3 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 3/3 (100) | 4/5 (75) |
| Severe acute malnutrition | 5/6 (83) | 5/6 (83) | 5/6 (83) | 5/5 (100) | 1/6 (17) | 4/6 (67) | 3/5 (60) | 6/6 (100)‡ | 6/6 (100) | 5/5 (100) | 3/5 (60) |
Amoxy=amoxicillin; amp=ampicillin; chlor=chloramphenicol; co-trimox=co-trimoxazole; cipro=ciprofloxacin; gent=gentamicin; pen=penicillin.
*Susceptibility includes “full” or “intermediate” susceptibility and follows Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines with exception of susceptibility of Salmonella isolates (noted below)20; not all isolates were tested for all antibiotics.
†Salmonella susceptibilities to gentamicin are shown as actual in vitro results, although CLSI guidelines recommend that for clinical practice all Salmonella should be reported as “not susceptible” owing to poor intracellular penetration of gentamicin.
‡First recommendation treatment.