Abstract
Using an auxotrophic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we examined the kinetics of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis following inhibition of protein synthesis caused by amino acid starvation or cycloheximide. Removal of a required amino acid immediately stopped net protein synthesis. After a brief lag, RNA synthesis also ceased. Cycloheximide, a ribosome-inhibiting drug, also immediately halted net protein synthesis. Again RNA synthesis stopped after a brief lag. Although cycloheximide and amino acid starvation affect different steps in protein biosynthesis, both inhibited RNA synthesis in identical fashion. This indicates that amino acids do not play a unique role in the control of RNA production in rapidly growing yeast; rather, it suggests that RNA synthesis is responsive to the overall rate of protein synthesis itself.
Full text
PDF![773](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/35a3d0e05051/jbacter00579-0313.png)
![774](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/0fe1924ce395/jbacter00579-0314.png)
![775](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/13bde3a91bf1/jbacter00579-0315.png)
![776](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/de6db21b9600/jbacter00579-0316.png)
![777](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/666170d20123/jbacter00579-0317.png)
![778](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/2076976cc9c9/jbacter00579-0318.png)
![779](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8829/285204/650c38c5fd19/jbacter00579-0319.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ARONSON A. I., SPIEGELMAN S. Protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis in a chloramphenicol-inhibited system. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1961 Oct 14;53:70–84. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90795-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooper D., Banthorpe D. V., Wilkie D. Modified ribosomes conferring resistance to cycloheximide in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):347–350. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90302-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edlin G., Broda P. Physiology and genetics of the "ribonucleic acid control" locus in escherichia coli. Bacteriol Rev. 1968 Sep;32(3):206–226. doi: 10.1128/br.32.3.206-226.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ezekiel D. H. Intracellular charging of soluble ribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli subjected to isoleucine starvation and chloramphenicol treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1964;14:64–68. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(63)90212-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Godchaux W., 3rd, Adamson S. D., Herbert E. Effects of cycloheximide on polyribosome function in reticulocytes. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jul 14;27(1):57–72. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90351-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartwell L. H., Hutchison H. T., Holland T. M., McLaughlin C. S. The effect of cycloheximide upon polyribosome stability in two yeast mutants defective respectively in the initiation of polypeptide chains and in messenger RNA synthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1970;106(4):347–361. doi: 10.1007/BF00324052. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartwell L. H. Macromolecule synthesis in temperature-sensitive mutants of yeast. J Bacteriol. 1967 May;93(5):1662–1670. doi: 10.1128/jb.93.5.1662-1670.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartwell L. H., McLaughlin C. S. Temperature-sensitive mutants of yeast exhibiting a rapid inhibition of protein synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1968 Nov;96(5):1664–1671. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.5.1664-1671.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KERRIDGE D. The effect of actidione and other antifungal agents on nucleic acid and protein synthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. J Gen Microbiol. 1958 Dec;19(3):497–506. doi: 10.1099/00221287-19-3-497. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KURLAND C. G., MAALOE O. Regulation of ribosomal and transfer RNA synthesis. J Mol Biol. 1962 Mar;4:193–210. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(62)80051-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLaughlin C. S., Magee P. T., Hartwell L. H. Role of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in ribonucleic acid synthesis and enzyme repression in yeast. J Bacteriol. 1969 Nov;100(2):579–584. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.2.579-584.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris D. W., DeMoss J. A. Role of aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid in the regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1965 Dec;90(6):1624–1631. doi: 10.1128/jb.90.6.1624-1631.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neidhardt F. C. Roles of amino acid activating enzymes in cellular physiology. Bacteriol Rev. 1966 Dec;30(4):701–719. doi: 10.1128/br.30.4.701-719.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PARDEE A. B., PRESTIDGE L. S. The dependence of nucleic acid synthesis on the presence of amino acids in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1956 Jun;71(6):677–683. doi: 10.1128/jb.71.6.677-683.1956. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIEGEL M. R., SISLER H. D. SITE OF ACTION OF CYCLOHEXIMIDE IN CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES PASTORIANUS. II. THE NATURE OF INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN A CELL-FREE SYSTEM. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 18;87:83–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STENT G. S., BRENNER S. A genetic locus for the regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Dec 15;47:2005–2014. doi: 10.1073/pnas.47.12.2005. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siegel M. R., Sisler H. D. Site of action of cycloheximide in cells of Saccharomyces pastorianus. 3. Further studies on the mechanism of action and the mechanism of resistance in saccharomyces species. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Aug 10;103(4):558–567. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wehr C. T., Parks L. W. Macromolecular synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different growth media. J Bacteriol. 1969 May;98(2):458–466. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.2.458-466.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weisblum B., Davies J. Antibiotic inhibitors of the bacterial ribosome. Bacteriol Rev. 1968 Dec;32(4 Pt 2):493–528. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Kloet S. R. Ribonucleic acid synthesis in yeast. The effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochem J. 1966 Jun;99(3):566–581. doi: 10.1042/bj0990566. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]